• DAY48SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 19 09:01:04 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 190901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Thu Mar 19 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    On Sunday/D4, thunderstorms will be possible over parts of the OH
    Valley into the Appalachians, and perhaps as far south as the TN
    Valley, as an upper trough amplifies across the upper MS Valley and
    into the Great Lakes. A cold front is forecast to extend
    southwestward from a low over NY/PA, with perhaps lower 60s F
    dewpoints and MUCAPE on the order of 500-1500 J/kg possible. Models
    appear to have a wide range of instability values for Sunday, and as
    such predictability is low. However, there is at least some
    potential for strong to perhaps a few severe storms over the mid to
    upper OH Valley. The most likely scenario is for a marginal setup
    given the northwest flow pattern and modest-moisture-content warm
    sector.

    This front will push south toward the Gulf Coast on Monday/D5, with
    high pressure building in to the north. The upper trough will move
    across the Northeast on Monday, with another possibly amplifying
    across the Great Lakes/Northeast Tuesday/D6 into Wednesday/D7. As
    this occurs, an upper ridge is likely to exist across the Southwest,
    with little overall severe potential for those days.

    ..Jewell.. 03/19/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 20 08:44:10 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 200844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Fri Mar 20 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4 to Wednesday/Day 6...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move across the eastern U.S. on
    Monday, as a cold front advances southward into the Carolinas.
    Thunderstorm development will be possible in parts of the Carolinas
    Monday afternoon. Instability is forecast to be weak, but a marginal
    severe threat could develop in areas that heat up the most.

    On Tuesday and Wednesday, northwest mid-level flow is forecast over
    much of the eastern two-thirds of nation. This pattern will keep a
    warm and dry airmass in place over the continental U.S., making
    thunderstorms unlikely in most areas.

    ...Thursday/Day 7 and Friday/Day 8...
    Mid-level flow is forecast to become more westerly across the
    central and eastern U.S. on Thursday. In response, low-level
    moisture return is forecast from the Ark-La-Tex into the mid
    Mississippi Valley. Thunderstorm development will be possible from
    Thursday afternoon into the overnight period across the lower to mid
    Missouri Valley into the Ohio Valley, as a mid-level jet streak
    passes through the north-central U.S. On Friday, a continued chance
    for thunderstorm development will be possible from the mid
    Mississippi Valley into the southern Appalachians. Although a severe
    threat may develop on either Thursday or Friday, low predictability
    exists concerning any specific scenario.

    ..Broyles.. 03/20/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 21 08:31:48 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 210831
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210829

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0329 AM CDT Sat Mar 21 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Tuesday/Day 4 to Thursday/Day 6...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward into the western
    Atlantic from Tuesday into Wednesday, as a surface high moves
    eastward across the eastern U.S. A dry airmass is forecast across
    most of the U.S., which should be unfavorable for thunderstorms in
    most areas.

    On Thursday, a low is forecast to develop in the northern U.S., as
    low-level moisture returns quickly northward into the parts of the
    Great Plains and Mississippi Valley. Thunderstorms will be possible
    across this unstable airmass, mainly Thursday night, along the
    southern edge of a passing mid-level jet streak. The greatest
    potential for severe thunderstorms is expected from the mid
    Mississippi Valley into the Ohio Valley along and near a cold front.
    At this time, the amount of spread concerning potential outcomes is substantial. An area may need to be added once model solutions begin
    to agree more, and confidence increases concerning where the
    greatest severe threat will be.

    ...Friday/Day 7 and Saturday/Day 8...
    On Friday, the front is forecast to move southward across the
    Tennessee Valley, where isolated to scattered strong thunderstorms
    will be possible during the day. The front is forecast to move
    southward to near the Gulf Coast by Saturday. Isolated storms would
    again be possible near the front. Although the current thinking is
    that any severe threat will be marginal on Friday and Saturday,
    uncertainty is substantial due to the extended range in the forecast
    period.

    ..Broyles.. 03/21/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 22 08:42:54 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 220842
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220840

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0340 AM CDT Sun Mar 22 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Wednesday/Day 4 to Thursday/Day 5...
    An upper-level ridge will move into the Rockies on Wednesday, as
    northwesterly mid-level flow remains from the Great Plains to the
    eastern U.S. On Thursday, the ridge will become less amplified as it
    moves into the Great Plains. At the surface, low-level moisture is
    forecast to return northward into the lower to mid Mississippi
    Valley. Within this moist airmass, a pocket of moderate instability
    is expected by late Thursday afternoon. Thunderstorm development
    will be possible near a front along the northern edge of the
    stronger instability from northeast Missouri east-northeastward into north-central Ohio. Storms are expected to move east-southeastward
    across the Ohio Valley on Thursday afternoon and evening. A severe
    threat will be possible, but the magnitude of any potential threat
    is still uncertain.

    ...Friday/Day 6 and Sunday/Day 8...
    From Friday into Saturday, a cold front is forecast to move
    southward from the mid Mississippi Valley to the central Gulf Coast.
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible along parts of the front
    both Friday and Saturday afternoon. Weak instability should keep any
    severe threat marginal.

    On Sunday, the models are forecasting a dry airmass over most of the continental U.S., suggesting the potential for storms is low.

    ..Broyles.. 03/22/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 23 09:01:02 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 230900
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Mon Mar 23 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 311200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Thursday/Day 4 and Friday/Day 5...
    Strong westerly mid-level flow will be in place across much of the
    central and eastern U.S. on Thursday. At low-levels, moisture
    advection is forecast to strengthen during the day from the mid
    Mississippi Valley into the lower Ohio Valley as surface dewpoints
    gradually increase into the lower to mid 60s F. A cold front is
    forecast to advance southeastward into the southern Great Lakes by
    Thursday afternoon, with scattered to numerous thunderstorms
    developing along and near the front. Moderate instability should
    develop to the south of the front, which combined with strong
    deep-layer shear will likely support a severe threat during the
    afternoon and evening. The greatest threat is expected to be from
    northeast Missouri east-northeastward into western and northern
    Ohio, where a threat area has been added for Thursday.

    On Friday, a mid-level trough is forecast to dig southeastward into
    the mid Mississippi Valley, as a front moves southeastward into the
    Tennessee Valley and southern Appalachians. Although isolated to
    scattered thunderstorms will be possible near the front during the
    afternoon and evening, model forecasts suggest that instability will
    remain relatively weak. This should keep any severe threat minimal.

    ...Saturday/Day 6 to Monday/Day 8...
    The cold front is forecast to move southward through the Southeast
    on Saturday and should remain near the Gulf Coast on Sunday. In its
    wake, a relatively dry airmass is forecast to be in place over much
    of the nation, making thunderstorm development unlikely in most
    areas. On Monday, some model forecasts suggest that a mid-level
    shortwave trough will move into the southern Plains. Low-level
    moisture could return northward into the southern Plains Monday into
    Monday night. If this where to occur, then thunderstorm activity
    would be mostly likely Monday night as a low-level jet develops.
    However, this scenario is highly uncertain due to the extended range
    in the forecast period.

    ..Broyles.. 03/23/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 24 08:44:10 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 240844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Tue Mar 24 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Widespread severe thunderstorm potential appears limited through the
    remainder of March amid persistent upper-level ridging across the
    central and western CONUS. Isolated to scattered thunderstorms may
    materialize across portions of the TN Valley and Mid-Atlantic on
    D4/Friday as a strong cold front pushes east/southeast towards the
    East Coast and northern Gulf. However, limited mid-level lapse rates
    across the southeastern U.S. will likely modulate the potential for
    severe thunderstorms. Surface high pressure building across the
    eastern Plains and OH Valley in the wake of the cold front -
    combined with the re-amplification of the upper ridge over the
    western U.S. - will further limit severe thunderstorm potential for
    much of the weekend and very early next week.

    A gradual eastward translation of the surface high will likely
    promote the initial stages of moisture into the central U.S. around
    the D7/Mon or D8/Tues time frame. Most deterministic solutions and
    ensemble systems hint at an upper-level regime shift as the upper
    ridge shifts east and southwesterly flow becomes more prominent over
    the Southwest. This may support some increase in severe weather
    potential by the middle of next week, and possibly as early
    D8/Tuesday, but predictability at this range appears very limited.

    ..Moore.. 03/24/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 25 08:46:16 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 250846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250844

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CDT Wed Mar 25 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe thunderstorm potential remains limited for this weekend,
    though a gradual increase in some severe threat is anticipated by
    the middle of next week. In the wake of a cold frontal passage on
    D3/Friday into D4/Saturday, surface high pressure building over the
    eastern Plains and OH Valley will maintain dry and stable conditions
    for most regions east of the Rockies. Concurrently, a slight
    re-amplification of an upper-level ridge this weekend over the
    Southwest/West Coast will maintain warm and dry conditions for the
    southwestern CONUS. Long-range ensemble guidance continues to show a
    reasonably consistent signal in the slow eastward migration of the
    upper ridge through early next week. As this occurs, surface high
    pressure will gradually shift off the East Coast and promote
    moisture return into the Plains and MS Valley. Tight clustering of
    GEFS members lends high confidence in the potential for a return of
    slightly above seasonal moisture by the D6/Monday to D7/Tuesday time
    frame. Thunderstorm chances should steadily increase through
    mid-week as southwesterly flow aloft becomes increasingly
    predominant and promotes ascent/lapse-rate advection over the
    northwestern fringe of the returning moisture. Extended-range
    guidance hints at severe thunderstorm potential through the
    D6/Monday to D8/Wednesday time frame - mainly across the upper MS Valley/Midwest within the warm conveyor region of an organizing
    cyclone. While confidence in the overall synoptic evolution through
    next week is high, notable run-to-run variability in the convective
    environment forecast beyond D6 suggests predictability remains too
    limited to warrant highlights at this time.

    ..Moore.. 03/25/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 26 08:50:54 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 260850
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260848

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0348 AM CDT Thu Mar 26 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe weather potential will remain low through the end of the
    upcoming weekend, and while a gradual increase in severe weather
    potential is anticipated through next week, predictability remains
    limited. Extended-range deterministic and ensemble solutions
    continue to generally show good agreement in the eastward
    translation of the upper ridge currently over the Southwest towards
    the East Coast through the middle of next week. This will not only
    result in increasing southwesterly flow over the central CONUS, but
    will also promote lee troughing/cyclogenesis with an attendant
    uptick in moisture return into the Plains/MS Valley.

    Recent GEFS forecasts show high confidence in a return of slightly
    above seasonal moisture into the eastern Plains and Midwest by the
    D5/Monday to D6/Tuesday time frame. Severe thunderstorm potential is
    expected to generally increase during this period as weak impulses
    embedded within the broader southwest flow regime overspread the
    returning moisture. Based on more bullish deterministic solutions,
    some severe risk may materialize across the Midwest late D5/Monday
    into D6/Tuesday within a warm frontal zone, and potentially across
    the central Plains on D7/Wednesday or D8/Thursday as a cold front
    pushes southeast in tandem with the intensification of a surface
    low.

    While these signals are noted, run-to-run variability among
    deterministic guidance remains fairly high regarding the
    evolution/placement of surface features and convective environments
    beyond D6/Tuesday. Latest GEFS and ECENS guidance, as well as
    long-range ensemble clustering and extended calibrated guidance,
    show a substantial increase in variance by mid-week, which implies
    limited confidence in any particular solution. While not surprising
    at this range and with an upper-level regime shift yet to occur, it
    remains unclear when predictability of any mid-week severe threat
    will substantially improve.

    ..Moore.. 03/26/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 27 08:55:30 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 270855
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270853

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0353 AM CDT Fri Mar 27 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An uptick in severe thunderstorm potential is expected through the
    upcoming work week and heading into next weekend. Long-range
    ensemble guidance continues to show a strong signal for a return to
    mean troughing across the western to central CONUS as a long-wave
    ridge gradually de-amplifies and shifts east. This upper-level flow
    regime will promote steady lee troughing/cyclogenesis along the High
    Plains, which in conjunction with the placement of a surface high
    off the East Coast, will promote moisture return northward into the
    Plains and MS Valley. Strong to severe thunderstorms appear possible
    multiple days next week as ascent associated with upper disturbances
    embedded within the mean flow regime overspread the moisture plume.

    ...D4/Monday - Upper Mississippi Valley...
    A low-amplitude upper wave is forecast to traverse the U.S./Canadian
    border during the D4/Monday to D5/Tuesday time frame. As this
    occurs, surface cyclogenesis is expected across the northern Plains.
    A broad swath of isentropic ascent with in the warm conveyor of the
    developing cyclone will likely support showers and isolated to
    scattered thunderstorms across portions of the upper MS Valley late
    Monday. A few deterministic solutions, notably the recent 00z ECMWF,
    hint that the convective environment will be conducive for organized convection, including the potential for elevated supercells.
    However, ensemble agreement regarding this potential is limited.

    ...D5/Tuesday - Lake Michigan Vicinity...
    Confidence is gradually increasing in a regional severe weather
    threat across parts of the upper Great Lakes for D5/Tuesday. Over
    the past 24 hours, model guidance has come into somewhat better
    agreement regarding the timing and evolution of the northern Plains
    surface low through as it translates east and intensifies across the
    Great Lakes region Tuesday into early Wednesday. Above-seasonal
    moisture return northward into the Great Lakes region is anticipated
    by late Tuesday, which should support adequate buoyancy for deep
    convection. Thunderstorm development appears likely along a trailing
    cold front as it pushes southeast into the Midwest and MS Valley.
    Based on ensemble guidance, the best convective environment may
    reside across the Lake Michigan vicinity where mid/upper-level flow
    should be stronger in vicinity to the upper jet and may be more
    orthogonal to the front and supportive of more robust convection
    compared to locations further south.

    Despite the trend towards a more consolidated solution, notable
    discrepancies remain pertaining to the propagation speed of the
    upper wave and surface low, which introduces uncertainty in how
    favorably timed the strongest ascent will be with peak
    heating/destabilization and potential storm modes. These
    uncertainties preclude probabilities at this time, but highlights
    will likely be introduced as model consensus improves.

    ..Moore.. 03/27/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 28 08:58:06 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 280858
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280856

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0356 AM CDT Sat Mar 28 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A return to a more seasonal upper-level regime will promote
    strong/severe thunderstorm chances beginning D4/Tuesday and
    potentially persisting into the upcoming weekend. A well-anticipated upper-level regime shift remains likely late this weekend and into
    early next week as an upper ridge over the south-central CONUS
    de-amplifies and shifts east. The return to mean troughing over the
    West will promote persistent lee troughing and southerly return flow
    into the Plains and lower MS Valley. Long-range guidance depicts
    several upper disturbances propagating across the northern and
    central U.S. through late week, which may each support some risk of strong/severe thunderstorms.

    ...D4/Tuesday...
    A low-amplitude upper wave is forecast to traverse the U.S./Canadian
    border and into the Great Lakes region Monday into Tuesday.
    Northeastward moisture return ahead of an intensifying surface
    cyclone and trailing cold front will likely establish a fairly broad
    warm sector from the Ozarks into the Midwest/Great Lakes region.
    Thunderstorm development along the cold front is expected by late
    afternoon with most deterministic and ensemble guidance showing
    strong QPF signals. Any severe weather threat will likely be focused
    from central IL northeastward into northern IN/southern MI where
    deep-layer wind shear will be stronger in proximity to the upper jet
    and shear vectors should be more orthogonal to the front. While some
    solutions depict favorable MLCAPE and shear for organized convection
    (e.g. the 00z GFS), ensemble consensus shows muted probabilities for
    a highly favorable convective environment (e.g. recent GEFS depicts
    less than 20% probability for SCP values above 3). This suggests
    that even though some severe threat will likely materialize,
    considerable uncertainty remains regarding the quality of the
    convective environment.

    ...D5/Wednesday and D6/Thursday...
    Tuesday's cold front is expected to stall roughly along or south of
    the OH River by the afternoon of D5/Wednesday. This will maintain a
    moist warm sector across the southern Plains eastward to the TN
    Valley. Strong to severe thunderstorm potential may emerge on
    D5/Wednesday and D6/Thursday as an upper disturbance propagates
    across the southern Plains and into the OH Valley and supports
    ascent along and north of the stalled frontal zone. Given the
    relatively focused nature of the wave and attendant mid-level jet,
    widespread severe convection seems improbable, though a favorable buoyancy/shear environment is possible in the vicinity of the
    stalled front each afternoon.

    ..Moore.. 03/28/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 29 08:46:44 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 290846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Sun Mar 29 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A more seasonal synoptic regime is expected over the CONUS through
    the upcoming week as long-wave troughing slowly becomes established
    over the western two-thirds of the country. This will favor lee
    cyclone development and poleward moisture return ahead of occasional
    frontal intrusions. In general, ensemble consensus is that a
    leading, low-amplitude upper disturbance will propagate across the
    central CONUS during the D4/Wednesday to D5/Thursday period before a
    more amplified upper trough migrates into the Plains during the
    D6/Friday to D7/Saturday time frame. While there is broad agreement
    in this pattern among most guidance, notable discrepancies and
    spread among solutions limits confidence in the location, timing, or
    magnitude of any severe threat.

    ...D4/Wednesday - Southern Plains...
    A cold front pushing east/southeast across the central U.S. on
    Tuesday is forecast to stall across the southern Plains into the OH
    Valley by Wednesday. Aloft, ascent associated with the leading upper disturbance will overspread TX/OK, leading to modest surface low
    development along the stalled frontal boundary. Continued moisture
    return coupled with easterly advection of steep mid-level lapse
    rates will likely yield a reservoir of buoyancy across portions of central/eastern TX/OK and into AR/LA. Thunderstorm development along
    the frontal zone appears probable by late afternoon, and 40-50 knot
    mid-level flow attendant to the wave should provide adequate wind
    shear for organized storms. However, guidance continues to show
    variability with frontal placement and is likely displaying a
    northward bias given the tendency for long-range guidance to
    underestimate low-level cold advection. Additionally, it is unclear
    whether storm motions and deep-layer shear vectors will be favorably
    oriented to the front to support discrete convection and a more
    robust severe threat.

    ...D6/Friday and D7/Saturday - Southern Plains to the Ohio Valley...
    More intense surface low development is anticipated across the
    southern Plains and Great Lakes region Friday into Saturday as an
    more amplified upper wave begins to migrate east. Northward moisture
    return will likely continue through Friday with thunderstorm
    development possible in vicinity to the deepening lee cyclone.
    Although model variability remains fairly high at this range,
    ensemble guidance does show a modest QPF signal across OK/KS where
    the probability for adequate SBCAPE and deep-layer shear for
    organized convection is reasonably high.

    On Saturday, the ejection of the upper wave into the Plains will
    result in the northeastward acceleration of the lee cyclone. Rapid
    moisture return within a strengthening low-level wind field is
    possible as the low reaches the Great Lakes region by late Saturday.
    Based on forecast soundings and ensemble QPF signals, some severe
    thunderstorm potential is noted along and ahead of a cold front
    attendant to the low. However, high variability among guidance over
    the past 24 hours and the potential for a sub-optimal displacement
    of the primary upper jet with the expanding warm sector casts
    considerable uncertainty on the overall severe threat.

    ..Moore.. 03/29/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 30 08:55:22 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 300855
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300853

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0353 AM CDT Mon Mar 30 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe thunderstorm potential is expected to persist through the
    work week and into the upcoming weekend. Long-range guidance has
    come into better agreement over the past 24 hours regarding the
    evolution of the synoptic regime - particularly regarding the
    progression of an upper level trough and attendant surface low
    during the late-week/early-weekend period.

    ...D4/Thursday - Midwest/Ohio Valley...
    A cold front pushing across the Midwest on Tuesday is forecast to
    stall across the OH Valley on Wednesday before advancing northward
    as a warm front ahead of an approaching surface low on Thursday.
    Northward moisture return is expected ahead of a weak cold front
    attendant to the low. Long-range forecast guidance suggests this
    will support adequate buoyancy for deep convection, and 35-45 knot
    deep-layer shear vectors will favor organized storms. Uncertainties
    regarding storm mode persist based on mean wind vectors largely
    parallel to the front, but some severe risk appears likely given
    favorable buoyancy and shear.

    ...D5/Friday - Central/Southern Plains...
    Ensemble consensus is that an amplified upper trough will begin to
    approach the central Rockies/High Plains through the day Friday.
    This will promote strong lee cyclogenesis across CO/KS and a
    northward surge of moisture (potentially as high as low to mid 60s
    dewpoints) into OK and eastern KS. Thunderstorm development in
    proximity to the deepening low appears probable by late afternoon
    based on deterministic and ensemble QPF signals, and strengthening
    flow aloft may favor discrete storm modes for convection developing
    along a sharpening dryline. Ensemble guidance, notably the 00z GEFS,
    shows a fairly strong signal for a substantial convective
    environment from northern OK into eastern KS Friday afternoon (e.g.
    30% probability for SCP values above 5). Despite improving agreement
    among deterministic and ensemble guidance, this alignment has only
    emerged over the past 12-24 hours. Severe probabilities will likely
    be needed for portions of eastern KS and northern OK if this trend
    holds over the next 24 hours.

    ...D6/Saturday - Ohio Valley...
    Similar to D5/Friday, guidance has come into better agreement
    regarding the intensification and northeastward progression of the
    surface low through D6/Saturday into the Great Lakes region. This
    will usher moisture northward into the OH Valley by Saturday
    afternoon where diurnal heating may support either development of
    new convection along a trailing cold front and/or re-intensification
    of residual convection (though the quality and extent of moisture
    return remains somewhat uncertain at this range). Regardless,
    intensifying wind fields should promote storm organization and the
    potential for a more widespread severe weather event. As with
    D5/Friday, risk probabilities will likely be needed if current model
    trends are maintained and confidence the moisture/buoyancy quality
    increases.

    ..Moore.. 03/30/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 31 08:53:00 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 310852
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 310850

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0350 AM CDT Tue Mar 31 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe weather potential will persist through the remainder of the
    work week and into parts of the weekend as an amplified upper wave
    and attendant surface low traverse the country. The cold front
    associated with the late-week storm system will most likely push
    south into the Gulf by Sunday as high pressure builds across the
    eastern two-thirds of the country and short-wave ridging builds
    aloft. This will likely limit the potential for widespread severe
    thunderstorms for the early portion of next week.

    ...D4/Friday - Lower Missouri Valley into the southern Plains...
    The approach of an upper wave into the central U.S. will support
    steady intensification of a surface low across eastern KS and into
    the lower MO River Valley through the day Friday. This will support
    a northward flux of low to mid 60s dewpoints through the day, which
    should yield SBCAPE values on the order of 2000 to perhaps 3000 J/kg
    across northern OK into eastern KS and far western MO by late
    afternoon based on a consensus of model solutions. Thunderstorm
    development is expected as a cold front slowly begins to push
    southeast and overtakes a surface trough/dryline. Deep-layer shear
    vectors and storm motions off the boundary should promote initially
    discrete cells, though upscale growth is anticipated by the evening
    hours amid persistent ascent along the front. Regardless, long-range
    guidance has shown a consistent signal for a robust convective
    environment over the past 48 hours, and the favorable alignment of
    both deterministic and ensemble guidance lends high confidence in a
    severe threat emerging across this region Friday afternoon and
    evening.

    ...D5/Saturday - Midwest/OH Valley...
    Friday's surface low will continue to deepen as it accelerates
    northeastward into the Midwest and Great Lakes by late Saturday.
    Northward moisture advection is expected ahead of a trailing cold
    front as it rapidly shifts east across the Midwest and lower OH
    Valley through the afternoon. Strong flow fields within the lowest
    few kilometers and focused lift along the front will likely support
    some degree of a severe wind threat. However, guidance continues to
    show disagreement regarding mean wind vector orientation with the
    front and the degree of pre-frontal destabilization, both of which
    will influence the intensity of convection and the overall severe
    threat.

    ..Moore.. 03/31/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 1 08:29:10 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 010829
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010827

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0327 AM CDT Wed Apr 01 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Some degree of severe thunderstorm potential is expected to persist
    through the upcoming weekend across portions of the Great Lakes/OH
    Valley and possibly across the Mid-Atlantic. Heading into next week,
    a combination of building surface high pressure behind a synoptic
    cold front and the re-establishment of an upper ridge over the West
    will limit severe weather chances.

    ...D4/Saturday - Great Lakes/OH Valley...
    An upper wave and attendant surface low are forecast to quickly
    translate from the Plains into the Great Lakes region late Friday
    through Saturday. Moisture return immediately ahead of a trailing
    cold front will likely support some degree of destabilization
    Saturday afternoon across the Great Lakes/OH Valley; however,
    long-range ensemble guidance does not show high probability in surface/mixed-layer buoyancy values exceeding 1000 J/kg.
    Nonetheless, strong flow within the lowest 1-2 km will likely
    support a severe wind threat with any convection that can become
    sufficiently intense. While some severe risk is anticipated, the
    combination of a modest thermodynamic environment and disagreement
    regarding the timing/progression of the front through peak heating
    precludes risk probabilities.

    ...D5/Sunday - Mid-Atlantic...
    The synoptic cold front is forecast to push off the East Coast by
    late Sunday, though long-range guidance shows disagreement regarding
    the timing of the front. Slower solutions, such as the 00z ECMWF,
    suggest that the frontal passage may occur during the afternoon
    hours when diurnal destabilization will be greatest. Strong
    low-level flow coupled with robust broad-scale ascent ahead of the
    primary upper wave may support a band of strong to severe
    thunderstorms. However, the general consensus among guidance at this
    time is that this scenario is likely the outlier solution.

    ..Moore.. 04/01/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 2 08:35:16 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 020835
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020833

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0333 AM CDT Thu Apr 02 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe weather potential will be limited for late weekend and into
    the upcoming work week based on trends in latest guidance. A strong
    synoptic cold front is forecast to push from the Appalachians and
    lower MS Valley east/southeastward towards the East Coast and
    northern Gulf through the day Sunday. While some severe threat may
    materialize across the Carolinas and Mid-Atlantic Sunday afternoon,
    it will be conditional on favorable timing of the frontal passage
    with the diurnal heating maximum. The frontal passage will shunt
    appreciable low-level moisture offshore by early Monday. Building
    surface high pressure over the central to eastern CONUS through
    early week will maintain dry and stable conditions east of the
    Rockies. Additionally, the amplification of an upper ridge over the
    West will limit thunderstorm chances across the Intermountain West.
    This synoptic regime will limit moisture return back into the Plains
    with most guidance suggesting that appreciable moisture return (55+
    dewpoints) may not return to the Plains until the D8/Thursday time
    frame. Consequently, the potential for severe convection will be
    limited through at least the middle of the upcoming week.

    ..Moore.. 04/02/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 3 08:22:56 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 030822
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030821

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0321 AM CDT Fri Apr 03 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4 to Wednesday/Day 6...
    From Monday to Wednesday, a relatively dry and cool airmass is
    forecast to settle in across the continental U.S. For this reason,
    thunderstorm potential will be low over most of the nation.

    ...Thursday/Day 7 to Friday/Day 8...
    A large area of surface high pressure is forecast to move eastward
    in the western Atlantic by Thursday, as moisture return takes place
    into the south-central states. Scattered thunderstorm development
    will be possible during the day from the southern and central Plains
    eastward into the lower to mid Mississippi Valley. A chance for
    thunderstorms will continue into Friday over the same general area
    as moisture advection continues. An isolated severe threat will be
    possible each afternoon and evening, but the confidence in the
    spatial distribution regarding any potential threat is low at this
    time.

    ..Broyles.. 04/03/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 4 08:46:04 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 040846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040844

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CDT Sat Apr 04 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Tuesday/Day 4 and Wednesday/Day 5...
    A large area of surface high pressure will settle in across the
    continental U.S. on Tuesday and Wednesday. The associated dry and
    cool airmass will limit thunderstorm potential in most areas.

    ...Thursday/Day 6 to Saturday/Day 8...
    On Thursday, a cold front is forecast to move southward into the
    central Plains and stall, as moisture advection takes place to the
    south of the front over much of the southern Plains. A dryline is
    forecast to setup over west Texas Thursday afternoon. Thunderstorm
    development will be likely along parts of the front and to the east
    of the dryline. An isolated severe threat will be possible in the
    afternoon and evening. Models differ considerably on the
    distribution of instability, with some suggesting that instability
    will remain relatively weak. This would keep any severe threat
    marginal in most areas.

    On Friday and Saturday, a moist and unstable airmass is forecast to
    be in place over the southern half of Texas, as a shortwave trough
    moves northeastward across the region. Lift associated with this
    feature would support scattered thunderstorm development. The
    greatest severe potential both Friday and Saturday appears to be
    across south-central Texas, where the models have moderate
    deep-layer shear and sufficient instability. At this extended range, uncertainty concerning magnitude and spacing is substantial.

    ..Broyles.. 04/04/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 6 08:35:46 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 060835
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060834

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0334 AM CDT Mon Apr 06 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Thursday/Day 4 to Saturday/Day 6...
    From Thursday to Saturday, mid-level flow over the south-central
    U.S. is forecast to gradually transition from westerly to
    southwesterly. In response, low-level moisture advection will likely
    take place in the southern and central Plains. Isolated severe
    storms will be possible near a front in the central Plains from late
    Thursday afternoon into the early overnight period, as a low-level
    jet strengthens. On Friday, weak instability is forecast to develop
    over much of the southern Plains. Isolated to scattered
    thunderstorms will be possible in the afternoon and evening across
    parts of this airmass. An isolated severe threat may develop in some
    areas, but deep-layer shear is forecast to be relatively weak over
    much of the southern Plains, suggesting a more localized severe
    potential.

    On Saturday, the potential for severe storms is expected to increase
    over parts of southern High Plains, as mid-level southwesterly flow strengthens. Model consensus suggests that the greatest severe
    threat potential will be over parts of west Texas, where some models
    have an axis of moderate instability in place by late Saturday
    afternoon. Supercells with large hail and severe wind gusts will be
    possible in the afternoon and evening, with storms that develop near
    this instability axis.

    ...Sunday/Day 7 and Monday/Day 8...
    On Sunday, an upper-level low and an associated trough is forecast
    to move eastward across the Desert Southwest and northern Mexico.
    Ahead of this trough, moderate instability is forecast to develop by
    Sunday afternoon over much of the southern High Plains. Scattered
    severe storms would be possible to the east of a west Texas dryline
    in the afternoon and evening. A severe threat should continue into
    the overnight as a low-level jet strengthens ahead of the
    approaching trough.

    On Monday, the upper-level trough is forecast to move quickly
    northeastward across the central U.S, with an axis of moisture and
    instability located in the Great Plains. Scattered severe storms
    will be possible from Monday into Monday night from the southern
    Plains northward into Upper Midwest. At this extended range, there
    is still considerable uncertainty concerning the timing of the
    trough. For this reason, will hold off on a threat area until the
    models show better agreement.

    ..Broyles.. 04/06/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 8 08:56:36 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 080856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080854

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0354 AM CDT Wed Apr 08 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Saturday/Day 4 to Monday/Day 6...
    On Saturday, mid-level southwesterly flow will strengthen over the
    central U.S., as an upper-level system moves to near the West Coast.
    A moist airmass will be in place over the southern and central
    Plains, as a low-amplitude shortwave trough moves across the region. Large-scale ascent along with warming surface temperatures will
    result in scattered thunderstorm development over much of west Texas
    Saturday afternoon. MLCAPE is expected to peak near 1000 J/kg in
    some areas, with 0-6 km shear being in the 30 to 40 knot range over
    much of the southern High Plains. This should be sufficient for a
    severe threat, with large hail and severe wind gusts possible.

    From Saturday night into Sunday, strong moisture advection is
    forecast over the Great Plains. By Sunday afternoon, moderate
    instability is expected to be in place over much of this airmass.
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are expected throughout
    much of the moist sector during the afternoon and evening. Some
    model forecasts move a 50 to 60 knot mid-level jet through central
    and northeast Texas during the afternoon and evening. If this
    happens, then a substantial severe threat would be possible from
    parts of central and north Texas into Oklahoma. Severe storms,
    including supercells with large hail, wind damage and a tornado
    threat would be possible in areas that destabilize the most.

    On Monday, a moist and unstable airmass is forecast to remain from
    the southern Plains extending north-northeastward into the Upper
    Midwest. Strong to severe thunderstorm development will be possible
    over much of the instability corridor in the afternoon and evening.
    The greatest potential for severe storms is forecast from the
    southern Plains north-northeastward into the lower Missouri Valley
    and upper Mississippi Valley, where the models develop moderate
    instability and have 0-6 km shear mostly in the 30 to 40 knot range.
    Severe storms with large hail, wind damage and a tornado threat will
    be possible.

    ...Tuesday/Day 7 and Wednesday/Day 8...
    The western U.S. trough is finally forecast to approach the southern
    Plains on Tuesday, where a moist and unstable airmass should be in
    place. Some solutions suggest that a mid-level jet will move into
    the southern Plains Tuesday afternoon. This would create strong
    deep-layer shear over parts of the moist sector, suggesting that a
    substantial severe threat will be possible. Although there is still
    spatial uncertainty regarding this scenario, current model forecasts
    would support supercells with large hail, severe wind gusts and some
    tornadoes.

    On Wednesday, a shortwave trough is forecast to move through the
    central states, with a southwest-to-northeast corridor of moderate
    instability in place by afternoon from northeast Texas into western
    Ozarks. This would be favorable for severe storms. However, at this
    extended range, considerable uncertainty exists concerning severe
    threat magnitude and spacing.

    ..Broyles.. 04/08/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 9 09:00:42 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 090900
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CDT Thu Apr 09 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Sunday/Day 4 to Tuesday/Day 6...
    On Sunday, southwesterly mid-level flow will be in place across much
    of the nation. At the surface, a moist airmass will be located from
    the southern Plains north-northeastward into the Upper Midwest. Much
    of this corridor is forecast to become moderately unstable by
    afternoon. The greatest potential for severe storms will likely be
    in the southern and central Plains, where some solutions have a
    subtle shortwave trough. Moderate deep-layer shear and steep lapse
    rates will be favorable for supercells with large hail and severe
    wind gusts.

    Mid-level flow is forecast to gradually strengthen across the
    central U.S. on Monday. In response moisture advection will continue
    in the Great Plains. By Monday afternoon, moderate instability
    should be in place from north Texas northward into the upper
    Mississippi Valley. Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected
    to develop across this airmass Monday afternoon and evening.
    Moderate deep-layer shear and steep lapse rates will again be
    favorable for severe storms capable of large hail and severe wind
    gusts. A tornado threat may also develop.

    On Tuesday, an upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward into
    the southern Rockies, as an associated mid-level jet streak ejects northeastward across the southern High Plains. A moderately unstable
    airmass will likely be in place by afternoon from the southern
    Plains northeastward into mid to upper Mississippi Valley and
    southern Great Lakes. Strong deep-layer shear is forecast over the
    southern and central Plains, where a substantial severe threat will
    be possible. Supercells with large hail, wind damage and tornadoes
    are expected Tuesday afternoon and evening. An upgrade will be
    possible across parts of the threat area, once confidence increases
    on the timing of the ejecting trough.

    ...Wednesday/Day 7 and Thursday/Day 8...
    The upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward across the
    central U.S. on Wednesday, as a cold front advances southeastward
    through the Great Plains and Upper Midwest. Moderate instability is
    forecast to develop ahead of much of the front. Thunderstorms that
    form in areas that destabilize sufficiently could have a severe
    threat. The severe potential will likely continue into Thursday, as
    the front advances southeastward into the mid Mississippi Valley.
    However, model spread concerning the position of the front and
    timing of the trough increases substantially toward mid week,
    suggesting a lot of uncertainty exists at this extended range in the
    period.

    ..Broyles.. 04/09/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 10 08:30:50 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 100830
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100828

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0328 AM CDT Fri Apr 10 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Days 4-6/Mon-Wed -- Central/Southern Plains to the Midwest...

    There is quite a bit of uncertainty regarding severe
    potential/evolution during the Monday-Wednesday period. An upper
    trough will slowly pivot across the West on Monday, and emerge over
    the central/southern Rockies by early Wednesday before finally
    ejecting across the Plains and toward the Mid/Upper MS Valley on
    Wednesday. During this time, broad southwesterly deep-layer flow
    will overspread the Plains into the Mid/Upper MS Valley.

    On Monday, a surface low will develop over the northern/central
    Plains, with a dryline extending southward across KS/OK/TX and a
    warm front extending across southern MN/WI. Several lead shortwave
    impulses will move across the Plains, though height tendencies will
    remain mostly neutral. Nevertheless, cooling aloft will support
    steep midlevel lapse rates and increasing boundary layer moisture
    (surface dewpoints in the low/mid 60s F) will support moderate to
    strong destabilization. During the evening, a southwesterly
    low-level jet will increase across the Plains, overspreading the
    surface dryline. Vertically veering wind profiles and 30-40 kt
    effective shear magnitudes would support supercells capable of all
    hazards, though storm coverage remains uncertain.

    By Tuesday, the GFS becomes more progressive with the western
    trough, ejecting it into the Plains by early Wednesday, whereas the
    ECMWF hangs the trough back west and is slower. Nevertheless, a
    similar airmass will be in place across the warm sector east of a
    dryline across the Plains and to the south of a warm front draped
    across the Great Lakes. Isolated convection may develop along the
    dryline across the Plains, posing a supercell/all-hazards risk.
    Higher storm coverage appears more likely across portions of the
    Mid/Upper MS Valley/Great Lakes vicinity closer to a surface low.

    On Wednesday, the upper trough should progress from the Plains to
    the Great Lakes while weakening some. A surface cold front will
    develop southeast across portions of the central U.S. and some
    severe risk should persist along/ahead of this boundary. How
    convection evolves on Tuesday into Wednesday will impact where the
    greatest severe risk will develop, but at least some risk should
    exist from portions of the southern Plains to the Mid-MS Valley.

    ...Days 7-8/Thu-Fri...

    Predictability is low heading into the end of the forecast period on
    Thursday and Friday as large spread exists among medium range
    guidance. However, western U.S. upper troughing may persist,
    suggesting some severe thunderstorm potential could persist for
    parts of the Plains late in the work week.

    ..Leitman.. 04/10/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 11 08:46:26 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 110846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110844

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CDT Sat Apr 11 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Tue -- Southern Plains to Great Lakes...

    A shortwave upper trough embedded within the larger-scale western
    U.S. trough will eject across portions of the Plains to the Upper
    Midwest on Day 4/Tue. As this occurs, a surface low will deep over
    the central Plains and lift northeast across the Upper Midwest/Great
    Lakes. Some uncertainty remains regarding the exact evolution of
    this system, mainly due to differences in medium range guidance with
    respect to surface low placement and timing of the upper shortwave
    trough. Nevertheless, a moist and unstable airmass is expected ahead
    of the low and to the east of a Plains dryline and south of a Great
    Lakes warm front. Thunderstorm development should be more widespread
    along these boundaries compared to prior days given stronger
    large-scale ascent will overspread the central U.S., and height
    falls will result in a more robust low-level jet response. As a
    result, an all-hazards severe event is expected from the southern
    Plains into portions of the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes vicinity on Tuesday/Tuesday night.

    ...Day 5/Wed -- Southern Plains to the Midwest...

    Medium range guidance varies heading into Wednesday with the
    operational GFS much more progressive and lower amplitude than the
    operational ECMWF. The AIGFS is much more in-line with the
    ECMWF/AIFS, so this period is weighted more toward those solutions.
    It appears the upper trough over the southern Rockies will eject
    across the Plains to the Mid-MS Valley during this time. A moist and
    unstable airmass will reside across the region ahead of dryline
    across western OK into central TX and a sagging cold front across
    the Lower MO/Mid-MS Valley. Areas of precipitation could be ongoing
    at the beginning of the period and does result in some uncertainty
    regarding where stronger destabilization will occur. Nevertheless,
    an overall favorable thermodynamic/kinematic parameter space will
    overlap this corridor and isolated to scattered severe storms appear
    likely.

    ...Days 6-8/Thu-Sat...

    Medium range guidance depicts another trough developing across the
    West on Day 6/Thu and quickly progressing east through the end of
    the period. This could support a continued severe risk across parts
    of the southern Plains into the Midwest in the Thursday or Friday
    time frame. However, run to run consistency toward the end of the
    forecast period has not been very good. Additionally, multiple
    rounds of storms across the same areas earlier in the period may
    impact later severe potential. Trends will be monitored and
    probabilities may be needed in later outlooks.

    ..Leitman.. 04/11/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 12 08:41:34 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 120841
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120839

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0339 AM CDT Sun Apr 12 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Wed - Southern Plains to southern Wisconsin...

    An upper trough will be oriented over the central/southern High
    Plains Wednesday morning. This feature will shift east to the
    Mississippi River by Thursday morning. As this occurs, strong
    deep-layer southwesterly flow will overspread a moist and unstable
    airmass from TX toward the Great Lakes. Some convection may be
    ongoing Wednesday morning, resulting in some uncertainty regarding
    airmass recovery and convective evolution during the
    afternoon/evening. However, persistent southerly low-level flow
    ahead of a dryline and continued warm advection should support areas
    of airmass recovery. A mix of supercells and linear segments will be
    possible, posing an all-hazards severe risk.

    ...Day 5/Thu...

    Severe potential should be lower on Thursday as the upper trough and
    weakens at it shifts east across the Ohio Valley. Widespread showers
    and thunderstorms will be possible from parts of the Great
    Lakes/Ohio Valley into the TN Valley, with modest instability and
    limited heating tempering severe potential.

    ...Day 6/Fri - Southern Plains to Upper Midwest...

    Medium range guidance has been fairly consistent the past several
    forecast cycles in bringing a large-scale upper eastward from the
    Rockies into the Plains Friday/Friday night. This should result in
    surface cyclogenesis across portions of the Upper Midwest with a
    trailing cold front extending into the southern Plains. Ahead of the
    front, a seasonally moist/unstable airmass will be in place beneath strengthening southwesterly deep-layer flow. This should support a
    severe risk ahead of the front.

    ...Days 7-8/Sat-Sun...

    The upper trough will continue east over the eastern U.S. on
    Saturday and Sunday. Stronger ascent will shift northeast into
    Canada. Deep-layer flow parallel to the surface front and a
    narrowing warm sector should limit severe potential.

    ..Leitman.. 04/12/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 13 08:46:14 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 130846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130844

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CDT Mon Apr 13 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Thu - Mid-South vicinity...

    An upper shortwave trough will develop northeast from eastern OK/TX
    to the central/southern Appalachians on Thursday. Convection is
    likely to be ongoing from the Mid-MS/Lower OH Valley to the ArkLaTex
    region Thursday morning. This will likely temper downstream
    destabilization (and overall severe risk), but a few strong storms
    are possible across the Mid-South vicinity.

    ...Day 5/Fri - Southern Plains to Iowa...

    Medium range guidance has been consistently showing an upper trough
    over the western U.S. developing eastward toward the High Plains
    Friday/Friday night. As this occurs, increasing deep-layer
    southwesterly flow will overspread a seasonally moist and unstable
    airmass. A lee low will deepen over the central/southern High
    Plains, with a dryline extending across western OK/TX during the
    afternoon. By evening and into the overnight hours, a cold front
    will spread southeast across the central/southern Plains and Lower
    MO Valley. This pattern will support a risk of severe storms across
    the warm sector from OK to IA.

    ...Days 6-8/Sat-Mon...

    Some severe risk may persist into Saturday as a surface low deepens
    over the Great Lakes and the cold front from the Day 5/Friday period
    continues to sweep east across the Midwest to the Lower MS Valley,
    becoming oriented across the Appalachians by Sunday morning. Severe
    potential may depend on how convection on Friday evolves and impacts
    the downstream airmass heading into Saturday morning, resulting in
    low predictability at this time. Strong surface high pressure will
    build across the Plains in the wake of the cold front, and Gulf
    moisture will become cut-off as the front pushes well south into the
    Gulf Basin. This should bring a reprieve from severe thunderstorm
    potential Sunday into Monday as surface high pressure envelops much
    of the CONUS east of the Rockies by the end of the period.

    ..Leitman.. 04/13/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 14 08:33:22 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 140833
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140831

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0331 AM CDT Tue Apr 14 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Friday - Southern Plains to Upper Midwest...

    A strong upper trough oriented from Montana to the Southwest will
    eject eastward to the Plains on Friday/Friday night. Southwesterly
    mid/upper flow will intensify ahead of this feature, with 40-60 kt
    850-700 mb flow forecast by late afternoon into the nighttime hours.
    A somewhat complex surface pattern is forecast, with a lee low
    deepening over the central/southern High Plains to western OK, and a
    second surface low near the Mid-Missouri Valley developing northeast
    into Ontario. A surface dryline will extend from the High Plains low
    to near the western OK/TX panhandle border into central TX by
    midday. Meanwhile, a cold front will be oriented from eastern MN
    into central KS at midday.

    Ahead of these surface features, a broad warm sector characterized
    by mid/upper 60s F dewpoints will be in place as temperatures warm
    into the 80s F. A plume of steep midlevel lapse rates will
    overspread the region, resulting in moderate to strong
    destabilization. Forecast soundings indicated impressive wind
    profiles supporting supercells. Initial supercell storms capable of
    all hazards (including very large hail and strong tornadoes) are
    expected. During the evening, convection may grow upscale into a
    squall line as storms near the Mississippi River, with an
    accompanying increase in damaging wind potential.

    ...Day 5/Saturday - Ohio Valley/Great Lakes vicinity...

    A severe risk will likely continue into Saturday as the upper trough
    continues to strengthen and shift east from the Plains to the Great Lakes/Midwest. Strong deep-layer flow parallel to an
    eastward-advancing cold front will overspread a moist and at least
    weakly unstable downstream airmass through evening. This will favor
    a line of convection with damaging wind potential.

    ...Days 6-8/Sunday-Tuesday...

    The surface cold front will continue east on Sunday, moving offshore
    the Atlantic and Gulf coasts during the afternoon. Severe potential
    appears limited by weak instability and mainly anafrontal
    precipitation across the Southeast to Eastern U.S. on Sunday.
    Surface high pressure and a dearth of boundary layer moisture in the
    wake of the cold front will preclude thunderstorm activity on
    Monday. By the end of the period, medium range guidance depicts
    another upper trough moving into the western U.S. and Gulf return
    flow will advect moisture back into the southern Plains. However,
    severe thunderstorm potential appears low at this time.

    ..Leitman.. 04/14/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 14 08:48:52 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 140848
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140846

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0346 AM CDT Tue Apr 14 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    CORRECTED FOR DAY 5 GRAPHIC LABEL

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Friday - Southern Plains to Upper Midwest...

    A strong upper trough oriented from Montana to the Southwest will
    eject eastward to the Plains on Friday/Friday night. Southwesterly
    mid/upper flow will intensify ahead of this feature, with 40-60 kt
    850-700 mb flow forecast by late afternoon into the nighttime hours.
    A somewhat complex surface pattern is forecast, with a lee low
    deepening over the central/southern High Plains to western OK, and a
    second surface low near the Mid-Missouri Valley developing northeast
    into Ontario. A surface dryline will extend from the High Plains low
    to near the western OK/TX panhandle border into central TX by
    midday. Meanwhile, a cold front will be oriented from eastern MN
    into central KS at midday.

    Ahead of these surface features, a broad warm sector characterized
    by mid/upper 60s F dewpoints will be in place as temperatures warm
    into the 80s F. A plume of steep midlevel lapse rates will
    overspread the region, resulting in moderate to strong
    destabilization. Forecast soundings indicated impressive wind
    profiles supporting supercells. Initial supercell storms capable of
    all hazards (including very large hail and strong tornadoes) are
    expected. During the evening, convection may grow upscale into a
    squall line as storms near the Mississippi River, with an
    accompanying increase in damaging wind potential.

    ...Day 5/Saturday - Ohio Valley/Great Lakes vicinity...

    A severe risk will likely continue into Saturday as the upper trough
    continues to strengthen and shift east from the Plains to the Great Lakes/Midwest. Strong deep-layer flow parallel to an
    eastward-advancing cold front will overspread a moist and at least
    weakly unstable downstream airmass through evening. This will favor
    a line of convection with damaging wind potential.

    ...Days 6-8/Sunday-Tuesday...

    The surface cold front will continue east on Sunday, moving offshore
    the Atlantic and Gulf coasts during the afternoon. Severe potential
    appears limited by weak instability and mainly anafrontal
    precipitation across the Southeast to Eastern U.S. on Sunday.
    Surface high pressure and a dearth of boundary layer moisture in the
    wake of the cold front will preclude thunderstorm activity on
    Monday. By the end of the period, medium range guidance depicts
    another upper trough moving into the western U.S. and Gulf return
    flow will advect moisture back into the southern Plains. However,
    severe thunderstorm potential appears low at this time.

    ..Leitman.. 04/14/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 15 07:55:34 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 150755
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150753

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0253 AM CDT Wed Apr 15 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Sat - Ohio Valley...

    An upper trough will overspread the Great Lakes and Midwest on
    Saturday. At the surface, a cold front will sweep east across the
    region during the day. Destabilization will likely be limited by
    downstream cloud cover within a strong low-level warm advection
    regime ahead of the front. Additionally, convection will likely be
    ongoing in the vicinity of the front from Lower MI into IN/IL.
    Nevertheless, strong mid/upper flow (40-60 kt in the 850-700 mb
    layer) will support strong to severe convection even amid weak
    instability. As such, a damaging wind gust risk will accompany
    linear convection moving across the region during the day into
    evening.

    ...Days 5-6/Sun-Mon...

    Strong high pressure in the wake of the cold front from the Day 4
    period will overspread much of the CONUS east of the Rockies early
    next week. A dry/stable airmass will preclude thunderstorm
    potential.

    ...Days 7-8/Tue-Wed...

    An upper trough is forecast to develop across the western U.S. Tuesday/Wednesday. This will result in lee trough development across
    the High Plains, and strengthening south/southeasterly low-level
    flow will transport Gulf moisture northward across the southern
    Plains. Medium range guidance varies on whether or not this western
    trough will eject into the Plains during this time, or if upper
    ridging will be maintained. If the trough ejects, severe potential
    could develop across portions of the southern/central Plains
    Tuesday/Wednesday, though predictability is too low at this time to
    introduce severe probabilities.

    ..Leitman.. 04/15/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 16 08:40:08 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 160840
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160838

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0338 AM CDT Thu Apr 16 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe thunderstorm potential will be low through at least Day
    6/Tuesday. In the wake of a cold front moving offshore the Atlantic
    coast and into the Gulf, strong surface high pressure will build
    east of the Rockies and persist across parts of the South and East
    through Day 6/Tuesday. As a result, a dry and stable boundary layer
    will preclude severe thunderstorm potential.

    By the middle of the week, and upper trough is forecast to
    overspread the western U.S. As this occurs, lee surface troughing
    will allow for increasing southerly winds over the Plains, and Gulf
    moisture will begin to return northward Days 7-8/Wed-Thu. It remains
    uncertain if the upper trough will begin to eject eastward toward
    the Plains at the end of the period. If this occurs, some severe
    potential may develop across the Plains, though predictability is
    low.

    ..Leitman.. 04/16/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 17 07:43:44 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 170743
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170741

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 AM CDT Fri Apr 17 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A dry, continental airmass will persist across most of the CONUS for
    the first part of next week. Severe weather chances will start to
    increase by the middle of the week and into the later part of the
    week. Forecast guidance consistently shows mid 60s F dewpoints
    across the Plains and into the Midwest. However, aloft the pattern
    remains quite uncertain. The ECMWF and the GEFS and EPS all show a
    developing large-scale trough centered across the western CONUS with
    multiple shortwave troughs which could result in severe weather
    Day6/Wed to Day 8/Fri. However, the 00Z GFS and the EC-AIFS show a
    consolidated mid-level trough which could result in a much more
    substantial severe weather event across the central/southern Plains.
    At this time, uncertainty is too high for specific risk areas, but
    Day6/Wed to Day 8/Fri will likely feature multiple days of severe
    weather across portions of the central/southern Plains.

    ..Bentley.. 04/17/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 18 07:42:54 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 180742
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180740

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0240 AM CDT Sat Apr 18 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Initially dry conditions will keep the severe weather threat low on
    D4/Tuesday. As a mid-level trough traverses the Rockies on Monday,
    lee troughing will strengthen on D5/Wednesday. This will bring
    substantial moisture return across the Plains. Given the early stage
    moisture return, more than an isolated severe weather threat appears
    unlikely on D5.

    A more substantial severe weather threat is anticipated on Day
    6/Thursday. The evolution of the mid-level trough still remains
    unclear, but an overall pattern featuring broad troughing across the southern/central Plains, moderate to strong instability, and a sharp
    dryline, could support at least isolated supercells Thursday
    afternoon/evening. Have added a 15% area from western/central
    Oklahoma into southern/eastern Kansas where the severe weather
    threat seems likely regardless of how exactly the mid-level pattern
    evolves.

    The uncertainties discussed for Day 6 become greater on Day 7 and
    beyond. Persistent troughing across the Plains and considerable
    instability suggest that severe weather is likely on Friday (and
    likely into the weekend). However, the progression of the mid-level
    trough and the associated surface features need to become more clear
    before a 15% area can be defined for these days.

    ..Bentley.. 04/18/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 19 09:02:32 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 190902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Sun Apr 19 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A western trough will take hold in the days preceding this
    convective period. Ahead of this trough moisture will return
    northward through the central Plains, with 50F dewpoints reaching
    perhaps as far north as the Canadian border during Wednesday/Day-4.
    This return flow setup and western trough will set the stage for
    multiple days of severe weather potential.

    On Wednesday/Day-4, a lobe of vorticity will eject northeast out of
    the western longwave trough across the central and northern Plains.
    As this occurs, surface cyclogenesis should take place across the
    far northern Plains. To the south of this surface low, a dryline
    should sharpen across western Nebraska and Kansas. At the same time,
    vertical shear should strengthen as the shortwave moves northeast
    across the region. The kinematic profiles will support supercells
    initiating along the dryline. However, concerns remain about the
    quality of the moisture to the east of the dryline and subsequently
    as to the number of potential thunderstorms that may develop. This
    uncertainty precluded the introduction of unconditional 15%
    probabilities at this time.

    On Thursday/Day-5, the shortwave trough/midlevel low will deepen as
    it slowly moves north-northeast during the day. This will help
    maintain a strong surface cyclone across the northern Plains, with
    strong southerly winds advecting Gulf moisture northward to the east
    of the north-south oriented frontal boundary. Showers and
    thunderstorms will be possible along and east of the aforementioned
    frontal boundary across a large portion of the central US. Strong
    vertical wind shear across this frontal boundary will promote severe
    potential from Oklahoma northward to perhaps as far north as
    Minnesota. The northern extent of the severe potential will be
    delimited by the degree of moisture return, and have expanded the
    unconditional 15% probability area northward into Iowa to account
    for the increasing confidence in severe thunderstorm potential.

    Overnight Thursday/Day-5, a surface cold front, augmented by
    convective outflow, should push east across the northern and central
    Plains and south-southeast across the southern Plains. Another round
    of severe thunderstorms will be possible on Friday/Day-6 across
    portions of northeast Texas/northern Louisiana and much of Arkansas
    as diurnal heating of a moist airmass results in MUCAPE values
    between 1000-2000 J/kg beneath modest vertical shear associated
    persistent southwest midlevel flow.

    The severe potential will likely persist into Saturday/Day-7 and
    Sunday/Day-8 across portions of the southern Plains and northern
    Gulf Coast states. Here, persistent western troughing will maintain
    an increasingly moist airmass along and south of the aforementioned
    frontal boundary. The location of this frontal boundary will likely
    be significantly impacted by the repeated rounds of thunderstorms in
    the prior days. Model guidance is in general agreement that at least
    modest westerly/southwesterly flow will persist across the southern
    Plains, with episodic perturbations traversing this flow field
    downstream of the broader large-scale western trough. However,
    significant differences remain with respect to the timing, strength,
    and location of any of these perturbations to attempt to highlight unconditional severe probabilities.

    ..Marsh.. 04/19/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 20 09:00:10 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 200900
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CDT Mon Apr 20 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    In the days preceding this forecast period, a long-wave trough will
    develop across the western US. This feature will persist across the
    western and central US through the forecast period supporting a
    multi-day severe weather threat across portions of the central US.

    On Thursday/Day-4, a lobe of vorticity will rotate around the closed
    midlevel low across the northern Rockies. This will reinforce a
    surface cyclone as it moves north into Canada. As this low moves
    north, a combined dryline/cold front will move east into an
    increasingly moist environment across the central Plains. The
    airmass ahead of the front should destabilize during the day
    Thursday, with MUCAPE values over 1000 J/kg possible into portions
    of Minnesota.

    Thunderstorms should develop across portions of northeast Kansas
    into Iowa during the late afternoon as height falls overspread the
    surface front. These storms should quickly build southward along the
    front into portions of Oklahoma and southern Kansas. Kinematic
    fields initially should support supercells, but midlevel flow will
    increasingly become parallel to the front suggesting that storms
    will grow upscale into one or more linear segments.

    The surface front, augmented by convective outflows, will continue
    to push south and east into the Southern Plains and the greater
    ArkLaTex region overnight Thursday into Friday/Day-5 before stalling
    out. Forecast soundings along and ahead of the frontal boundary
    indicate an unstable, uncapped environment with vertical shear
    between 30-40 knots should support additional severe thunderstorms
    Friday afternoon into the evening/overnight across portions of
    eastern Oklahoma and Arkansas.

    By Saturday/Day-6, the larger-scale flow across the southern Plains
    will begin to respond to a low-latitude trough moving into southern
    California by once again becoming increasingly southwesterly.
    Embedded perturbations within this southwest flow ahead of the main
    trough will support an ongoing severe threat across the southern
    Plains. However, the location of various surface boundaries
    (dryline, outflow, frontal) will be predicated on the evolution of
    prior days of convection and the timing of the aforementioned
    perturbations in the midlevel flow. Thus, while pattern recognition
    suggests severe weather will be possible on Days 6,7, and 8,
    certainty as to the location of greatest severe potential on any
    given day remains too low to highlight with unconditional
    probabilities at this time.

    ..Marsh.. 04/20/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 21 09:01:44 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 210901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Tue Apr 21 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ... An active severe weather pattern is expected through much of the
    forecast period ...

    Broadly cyclonic midlevel flow will persist through much of the
    forecast period to the south of a closed upper low over
    south-central Canada. This will place much of the Southern Plains in
    westerly or southwesterly mid- and upper-level flow each day. At the
    same time low-level pattern will support southerly flow from the
    surface up through 850 mb across the same region. The result will be
    an increasingly moist airmass to the east of a north-south dryline
    across western Oklahoma and Kansas, and to the south of a remnant
    west-to-east frontal boundary.

    Diurnal heating of this moist airmass will result in afternoon
    MUCAPE values around 2000-3000 J/kg Friday and Saturday beneath
    30-40 knots of vertical shear. Model guidance continues to show
    several perturbations within the midlevel flow traversing the
    Southern Plains on Friday into Sunday morning. The result will be
    multiple rounds of severe thunderstorms. The exact location and
    dimensions of these daily severe threats will likely be augmented by
    the prior days' convection, but the overall pattern supports near
    daily severe potential across much of the Southern Plains.

    On Sunday (Day 6) a stronger, yet compact, midlevel wave is forecast
    to move northeast across Oklahoma. This wave is forecast to induce
    cyclogenesis across western Oklahoma, which should act to sharpen a
    dryline. To the east of the dryline, strong southerly winds will
    support surface dewpoints increasing into the upper 60Fs to perhaps
    low 70Fs. Diurnal heating of this airmass will result in MUCAPE
    values nearing 4000 J/kg across central Oklahoma. Deep-layer shear
    approaching 50 knots will overspread the region during the afternoon
    as the main wave approaches. Although global models are struggling
    to initiate convection along the dryline, pattern recognition would
    support a significant severe weather threat Sunday evening. The lack
    of model convective initiation results in enough uncertainty to
    preclude the introduction of 30% unconditional severe probabilities.
    All severe hazards will be possible on Sunday.

    The severe threat will continue into Monday/Day-7 as the midlevel
    low and surface cyclone translate east into the lower Mississippi
    Valley. The severe threat may continue into Tuesday/Day-8 across
    portions of the Southeast US, although numerous days of preceding
    convection should use up the steep lapse rate reservoir to the west
    resulting in too much uncertainty to introduce unconditional severe probabilities at this time.

    ..Marsh.. 04/21/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 22 09:02:54 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 220902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Wed Apr 22 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An active severe weather pattern will continue through early next
    week.

    On Saturday/Day-4, model guidance continues to show thunderstorms
    developing during the late afternoon and early evening hours along a
    lifting warm front across the Southern Plains. Along and south of
    this boundary, the environment will be strongly unstable with MUCAPE
    values between 2000-3000 J/kg as a low-level jet continually advects
    mid 60Fs dewpoints north across the boundary. Effective layer shear
    around 40 knots would support an initial supercell threat that
    should grow upscale into bowing segments overnight. A 30% area is
    introduced across southwest Kansas into east-central Oklahoma for
    the expectation is for strong bowing segments to move east-southeast
    overnight into a strong low-level jet. These storms will be capable
    of producing strong winds, large hail, and QLCS tornadoes.

    On Sunday/Day-5, ongoing convection across southeast Kansas and
    western Missouri at the start of the period may pose a continued
    risk of hail and damaging winds, and this convection may persist
    into mid morning. To the west, continued moist low-level advection
    will allow for surface dewpoints to rise into the upper 60Fs to low
    70Fs across central Oklahoma to the east of a sharp dryline. At the
    same time, a low-amplitude shortwave should approach the Southern
    Plains during the late afternoon and evening hours, with a
    mid-990-millibar surface low developing across northwest Oklahoma
    along the dryline. The result of this setup will be a volatile
    atmosphere where MLCAPE values around 4000 J/kg exist within a
    strongly shear environment (vertical shear nearly 50 knots). Should thunderstorms initiate, a high-end severe weather threat could
    materialize during the late afternoon and evening hours across
    central and eastern Oklahoma and southern Kansas. However, global
    models continue to struggle to develop convection within this
    environment despite model guidance having modest upward vertical
    velocities overspreading the dryline. Pattern recognition suggests
    the need for a 30% severe area for this potential despite the lack
    of a QPF signal in the global models, and have opted to add one with
    this forecast. The location of this 30% will likely need to be
    refined in subsequent outlooks.

    The severe threat should continue into Monday/Day-6 across portions
    of the Lower Mississippi Valley. Strong storms should develop along
    and ahead of an eastward moving cold front. MUCAPE of 2000-3000 J/kg
    and 40-knots of deep-layer shear will support supercell
    thunderstorms capable of all severe hazards. The location, number,
    and intensity of these supercells will likely be modulated by the
    events of Sunday. Specifically, if widespread convection does not
    occur Sunday across the Southern Plains, a more robust reservoir of CAPE/lapse-rates will be available to thunderstorms across the Lower Mississippi Valley on Monday and a higher-end severe potential may
    develop. This will be monitored in subsequent forecasts.

    By Tuesday/Day-7 into Wednesday/Day-8, uncertainty in the severe
    potential across the southeast increases too much to have confidence
    in identifying specific locations. Although, as the mesoscale
    details become cleared in the preceding days, areas may need to be
    added in subsequent forecasts.

    ..Marsh.. 04/22/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 23 09:06:02 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 230905
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230904

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0404 AM CDT Thu Apr 23 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A multi-day severe weather event remains on track for Sunday/Day-4
    evening through Monday/Day-5, with additional severe storms possible
    during the rest of the forecast period.

    A vigorous, yet compact, negatively tilted midlevel wave is forecast
    to move across the Southwest and eject into the Plains Sunday
    evening into Monday. As this wave ejects into the central US, strong
    surface cyclogenesis is expected over the Central Plains on Sunday
    evening. The flow around this low will help draw very rich boundary
    layer moisture northward to the east of a sharpening dryline. The
    atmosphere on Sunday across the Southern and Central Plains should
    remain capped for much of the day, allowing extreme instability
    (SBCAPE/MUCAPE values in excess of 4000 J/kg) to develop. As modest
    height falls overspread the dryline during the late afternoon and
    evening hours, the expectation is that at least a few storms will be
    able to break through the cap. While 20260423/00Z global guidance is
    still struggling to produce widespread precipitation along and east
    of the dryline, the control members are now at least producing light
    QPF along the dryline which would tend to support the idea that
    isolated convection will be possible.

    The environment to the east of the dryline will be very unstable and increasingly sheared as enhanced midlevel flow overspreads the warm
    sector. Additionally, as the surface low deepens during the evening
    hours, low-level winds will respond by rapidly increasing to greater
    than 50 knots. The result will be the potential for any thunderstorm
    that develops and sustains itself to become strong supercells
    capable of producing all severe hazards, including significant
    severe.

    As the main wave continues to lift northeast on Monday, the surface
    low should rapidly move from the Central Plains into the Upper
    Mississippi Valley. As this occurs, a surface warm front will
    rapidly lift northward on the nose of an intense low-level jet. This
    low-level jet will likely result in widespread precipitation to the
    north of the front, which will have impacts on the northern extent
    of Monday afternoon's severe potential.

    By Monday afternoon, additional thunderstorms are expected to
    develop along and east of an advancing dryline/cold front in an
    increasingly unstable atmosphere. Diurnal heating of a boundary
    layer with low-to-mid-60Fs dewpoints should result in SBCAPE/MUCAPE
    values between 2000-3000 J/kg. Additionally, vertical shear will
    remain more than sufficient for supercells. All severe hazards will
    remain possible with this convection, with the greatest
    concentration of severe storms likely across the Mid-Mississippi
    Valley where a 30% area was introduced.

    Monday evening into the overnight hours will see a continued
    potential for severe storms as the surface front pushes east into
    the western portions of the Ohio Valley. Additionally, severe storms
    will likely continue across the southwest portion of the front,
    which will slowly begin to stall in a southwest-to-northeast or
    west-to-east configuration across Arkansas into Kentucky.

    Additional severe storms will be possible Tuesday/Day-6 through
    Thursday/Day-8 across the Southern and Central Plains into the
    Lower-to-Middle Mississippi Valley as cyclonic midlevel flow
    persists atop a moist boundary layer with a frontal boundary
    somewhere across the area. However, given the uncertainties in how
    the convective evolution of Sunday and Monday will impact the
    location of relevant surface features and the general uncertainty
    associated with identifying the timing of midlevel perturbations
    embedded within the broader scale cyclonic midlevel flow,
    unconditional 15% severe probabilities will be deferred to
    subsequent outlooks.

    ..Marsh.. 04/23/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 24 09:03:12 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 240903
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240901

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0401 AM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range model output suggests that a significant short
    wave perturbation emerging from the Southwest will pivot northeast
    of the middle/lower Missouri Valley, into the upper Great Lakes
    region, Monday through Monday night. It appears that the warm
    sector of an associated sub-1000 mb surface cyclone will become
    characterized by at least moderately large CAPE, ahead of the
    dryline/cold front overspreading much of the middle Mississippi
    Valley during the afternoon into evening. In the presence of strong
    deep-layer shear, organized severe thunderstorm activity appears
    probable. It remains a bit unclear the extent to which sustained
    supercell development will be maintained, as opposed to convection
    quickly growing upscale into one or more clusters/lines, but there
    appears at least some potential for a few strong tornadoes, in
    addition to large hail and potentially widespread strong to severe
    wind gusts.

    In the wake of this activity, into the middle to latter portion of
    next week, convective potential becomes more unclear as strong flow
    trends westerly, and broadly confluent across and east of the
    Rockies, between broad mid-level troughing overspreading the
    northern tier and broad mid-level ridging across the southern tier.
    Another, initially notable, short wave perturbation emerging from
    the southern mid-latitude/subtropical eastern Pacific is still
    forecast to progress into the Southwest. But latest model output
    suggests that it may become sheared while continuing across and east
    of the southern Rockies, with only modest to weak surface
    cyclogenesis currently forecast along a remnant frontal zone across
    the southern Great Plains through Southeast.

    ..Kerr.. 04/24/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 25 08:57:48 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 250857
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Sat Apr 25 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    In the wake of a significant surface cyclone, which may be in the
    process of migrating northeast of the upper Great Lakes region by
    12Z Tuesday, it appears that a cold front will gradually advance
    across the Atlantic Seaboard and into the Gulf coast vicinity before
    stalling later this work week into next weekend. It appears that
    this will occur coincident with the southwestward suppression of
    subtropical ridging, initially centered over southern Mexico and
    influential as far north as the Gulf coast at the outset of this
    period.

    Near the southern periphery of the westerlies/northern periphery of
    the subtropical ridging, there appears a similar signal in both
    ECENS and GEFS related medium-range guidance concerning potential
    for organized severe thunderstorm development by late Tuesday
    afternoon into Tuesday evening. An evolving pre-frontal corridor of
    moderate to strong potential instability across the Ark-La-Tex
    through Ark-La-Miss vicinity may provide a focus for an upscale
    growing thunderstorm cluster, aided by forcing for ascent and shear
    associated with a mid-level speed maximum progressing across the
    region.

    Through the remainder of the week, into early next weekend, the
    lingering frontal zone across the Gulf coast region may provide a
    focus for occasional continuing thunderstorm development,
    particularly as an initially notable short wave perturbation,
    emerging from the southern mid-/subtropical latitudes of the eastern
    Pacific, progresses east of the southern Rockies. However, barring
    more substantive frontal wave development than currently forecast,
    potential for organized severe convection remains unclear.

    ..Kerr.. 04/25/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 26 08:50:28 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 260850
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260848

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0348 AM CDT Sun Apr 26 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    In general, the latest medium-range model output suggests that the
    prevailing split flow will continue to evolve in a manner that
    results in a broadly confluent regime developing across and east of
    the Rockies by mid week through next weekend. Within the northern
    branch, it appears that a mid-level low will develop and deepen
    within broad troughing overspreading the Northeast, while an
    initially prominent subtropical high, centered over southern Mexico,
    becomes suppressed, as the first in a series of developing southern
    stream lows is forced inland across the southern tier of the United
    States. It appears that this will be preceded by broad cool surface
    ridging overspreading much of the central and eastern U.S., as far
    south as the Gulf Coast region by Thursday. While associated
    forcing for ascent and destabilization might support increasing
    thunderstorm development across parts of central and southern Texas
    late this work week, mostly above/to the cool side of a stalling
    frontal zone, into Florida and adjacent portions of the Southeast by
    late next weekend, the risk for severe weather appears relatively
    minor at this time.

    ..Kerr.. 04/26/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 27 08:45:10 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 270845
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270843

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0343 AM CDT Mon Apr 27 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance continues to indicate that the prevailing
    split flow will evolve in a manner that maintains a broadly
    confluent regime across and east of the Rockies through this period.
    Within the northern branch, it appears that a fairly significant low
    will form within broad troughing overspreading the Northeast by
    early next weekend, perhaps trailed by another developing low across
    parts of the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes by early next week. At the
    same time, an initially prominent subtropical high centered over
    southern Mexico is forecast to become suppressed, as a mid/upper low
    emanating from the subtropical eastern Pacific is forced eastward
    into and through the confluent regime across the southern tier of
    the United States.

    It still appears that the shearing subtropical impulse, and perhaps
    a trailing perturbation, will be preceded by broad cool surface
    ridging overspreading much of the central and eastern U.S., as far
    south as the Gulf Coast region by Thursday. The frontal zone on the
    leading edge of this air mass is generally forecast to progress into
    the Gulf Basin and Florida Peninsula, where it is likely to linger
    through early next week. While forcing for ascent and
    destabilization might support increasing thunderstorm development
    across parts of central and southern Texas late this work week
    (mostly above/to the cool side of the stalling frontal zone) into
    Florida and adjacent portions of the Southeast by late next weekend,
    the risk for severe weather still appears relatively minor at this
    time.

    ..Kerr.. 04/27/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 28 08:58:22 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 280858
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280856

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0356 AM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance indicates that the evolving split flow may
    maintain a broadly confluent mid-level regime across and east of the
    Rockies through this period. While a broad area of lower mid-level
    heights remains centered across the Ontario/Quebec and Upper Midwest
    through Northeast, it appears that a more prominent blocking
    ridge/high may evolve upstream near the British Columbia/Pacific
    Northwest coast by late this coming weekend into early next week. A
    developing low to its southeast may slowly progress inland across
    California into the Southwest, with downstream mid-level ridging
    building across the Rockies.

    There is considerable model spread concerning embedded short wave
    developments, but it appears that potential for stronger convection
    will remain generally low for the time of year and confined to parts
    of the southern tier of the U.S., perhaps including parts of the San
    Joaquin Valley, as well as along a lingering frontal zone near or
    just south of the Gulf into southern Atlantic coastal plain. Due to
    a combination of low predictability and low severe weather
    potential, severe weather probabilities are being maintained at less
    than 15 percent through this period.

    ..Kerr.. 04/28/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 28 09:25:50 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 280925
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280923

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0423 AM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance indicates that the evolving split flow may
    maintain a broadly confluent mid-level regime across and east of the
    Rockies through this period. While a broad area of lower mid-level
    heights remains centered across the Ontario/Quebec and Upper Midwest
    through Northeast, it appears that a more prominent blocking
    ridge/high may evolve upstream near the British Columbia/Pacific
    Northwest coast by late this coming weekend into early next week. A
    developing low to its southeast may slowly progress inland across
    California into the Southwest, with downstream mid-level ridging
    building across the Rockies.

    There is considerable model spread concerning embedded short wave
    developments, but it appears that potential for stronger convection
    will remain generally low for the time of year and confined to parts
    of the southern tier of the U.S., perhaps including parts of the San
    Joaquin Valley, as well as along a lingering frontal zone near or
    just south of the Gulf into southern Atlantic coastal plain. Due to
    a combination of low predictability and low severe weather
    potential, severe weather probabilities are being maintained at less
    than 15 percent through this period.

    ..Kerr.. 04/28/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 29 09:00:36 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 290900
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CDT Wed Apr 29 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range guidance, in particular the ECENS and GEFS,
    generally maintains forecast trends of prior runs concerning the
    evolution of the large-scale features within the prevailing split
    flow through this weekend into early next week. It appears that at
    least a transient blocking high may evolve within amplified ridging
    offshore of the British Columbia and adjacent Pacific Northwest
    coast. To its south-southeast a notable mid-level low is forecast
    to evolve within initial troughing slowly digging toward the U.S.
    Pacific coast, with the low bottoming out offshore of the central/
    southern California coast by early next week.

    Downstream, it appears that a broad area of lower mid-level heights
    will be maintained, with lowest heights perhaps reforming
    west-northwestward from southwestern Quebec toward southern Hudson Bay/northwestern Ontario, contributing to the maintenance of a
    confluent regime across and east of the Rockies.

    Shorter wavelength developments within this pattern remain more
    uncertain, particularly by the early to middle portion of next week,
    when it appears that the offshore low will begin to progress inland
    across California and the southern Sierra Nevada. Depending on the
    timing of the inland progressing mid-level cold core with respect to
    diurnal heating, this could be accompanied by relatively minor
    severe weather potential across parts of the San Joaquin Valley next
    Monday or Tuesday.

    Downstream, southerly moist return flow into at least the southern
    through central Great Plains, associated with deepening lee surface
    troughing, may contribute to destabilization beneath building
    mid-level ridging across and east of the southern Rockies. This
    might be accompanied by increasing potential for at least widely
    scattered strong to severe thunderstorm development on Tuesday.

    Guidance suggests potential for more widespread organized severe
    thunderstorm development could increase by Wednesday, but much will
    depend on short wave developments which become rather uncertain by
    this time.

    ..Kerr.. 04/29/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 30 09:02:18 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 300902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Thu Apr 30 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Late this coming weekend into early next week, it still appears that
    at least a transient blocking high may continue to evolve offshore
    of the British Columbia/Pacific Northwest coast. It remains a bit
    uncertain how long this will persist before becoming suppressed, and
    an evolving low to its southeast is forced inland across southern
    California into the Southwest.

    Latest medium range guidance continues to indicate that it is
    possible that a short wave perturbation could emerge from the
    remnant low/troughing, in advance of another significant short wave
    impulse emerging from the higher latitudes before amplifying
    southeastward to the lee of the Rockies, through the Atlantic
    Seaboard by the end of the period. However, it now appears probable
    that modest troughing, perhaps with a continuing cyclonic
    circulation, will linger near and south of the Southwestern
    international border.

    In lower levels, southerly moist return flow may commence by early
    next week across the southern into central Great Plains as surface
    troughing deepens to the lee of the Rockies. This may begin to more substantively advect northeastward toward the Ohio Valley, in
    advance of a southward advancing cold front associated with the
    digging mid-level troughing. However, there is notable spread among
    the model output concerning potential surface cyclogenesis, near
    and northeast of the Rockies.

    Widely scattered strong to severe thunderstorm development appears
    possible from parts of the central and southern Great Plains into
    the Mississippi Valley by Tuesday, if not Monday. However,
    inhibition associated with warm elevated mixed-layer air
    overspreading the southern Great Plains may become a limiting
    factor, as low-level moisture becomes more supportive of strong destabilization.

    There remains at least some signal in the model output for
    potentially more widespread strong to severe thunderstorm
    development across the lower/middle Mississippi Valley into Ohio
    Valley by next Wednesday, perhaps into Thursday. However, with
    uncertainties remaining sizable at this extended time frame, severe probabilities still appear less than 15 percent.

    ..Kerr.. 04/30/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 1 07:36:22 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 010736
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010734

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0234 AM CDT Fri May 01 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Days 4-6/Mon-Wed -- Southern Plains...Mid/Lower MS
    Valley...Southeast...

    An upper trough will develop southward across the northern Plains
    and Upper Midwest on Monday. At the same time, another upper trough
    will be oriented over southern CA and offshore over the Pacific. In
    response to modest height falls and increasing westerly flow across
    the Rockies, a lee low will develop over the central/southern High
    Plains. Increasing southerly low-level flow will allow modified Gulf
    moisture to return northward ahead of a dryline across the southern
    Plains, and to the south of a cold front developing southward across
    the central Plains and Upper MS Valley. Isolated strong to severe
    thunderstorms will be possible within the narrow moist/warm sector
    ahead of these surface boundaries, particularly the cold front
    across parts of the MO/Mid-MS Valley, as capping may persist further
    south across the Southern Plains. Given modest boundary moisture
    with north and east extent across the Midwest, it is uncertain how
    robust convection may be and where the most favorable area for
    severe storms may develop, precluding 15 percent probabilities at
    this time for Day 4/Mon.

    By Day 5/Tue, the jet associated with the eastward advancing
    Southwest U.S. trough will being to phase with the upper trough over
    the north-central U.S. This will bring strengthening southwesterly
    flow to portions of the southern Plains and Mid-South vicinity while southwesterly low-level flow continues to transport Gulf moisture north/northeast ahead of a southeastward-advancing surface cold
    front. The warm sector will become increasingly narrow toward the
    Lower Ohio Valley, and any strong to severe thunderstorm potential
    would likely focus from parts of Texas into Arkansas/far western
    TN/KY. However, model guidance varies with regard to placement and
    extent of potential convection ongoing Tuesday morning, which will
    have implications for severe potential through the rest of the day.
    Differences in the location of the surface front also add
    uncertainty, precluding a 15 percent delineation.

    Some strong to severe thunderstorm potential could persist into Day
    6/Wed across parts of the Lower MS Valley and southeastern U.S. This
    remains uncertain and will be influenced by convective evolution in
    the days prior.

    ...Days 7-8/Thu-Fri...

    The surface cold front is expected to move offshore the East Coast
    on Day 7/Thu. Thunderstorm potential will continue ahead of the
    front across the Southeast to the Mid-Atlantic, but severe potential
    is uncertain as destabilization may be limited by widespread
    rainfall and cloud cover. On Day 8/Fri, most of the CONUS will be
    stable/dry behind the cold frontal passage. However, guidance
    suggests a shortwave upper trough will approach the southern
    Rockies/northern Mexico and surface cyclogenesis will maintain a
    moist airmass across TX. If this occurs, some severe potential could
    develop across parts of TX.

    ..Leitman.. 05/01/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 2 07:57:00 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 020756
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020755

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 AM CDT Sat May 02 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Days 4-5/Tue-Wed -- Southeast OK/ArkLaTex to Lower MS/TN
    Valleys...

    Southwesterly deep-layer flow will increase from the southern
    Rockies to the Mid-South on Day 4/Tuesday as a southern stream
    shortwave trough over the Southwest merges with an upper trough over
    the Plains/Upper Midwest. At the surface, low pressure will develop
    over the southern Plains and slowly progress east in AR as a cold
    front develops southeast across OK/AR and the Lower OH Valley. Ahead
    of the front, rich Gulf moisture will return northward, and 60s to
    near 70 F dewpoints are forecast by Tuesday afternoon/evening across
    southeast OK and the ArkLaTex. Timing of thunderstorm development is
    a bit uncertain as shortwave ridging may overspread the southern
    Plains vicinity through afternoon. However, forcing for ascent
    should increase with the approach of the surface front and as a
    low-level jet increasing Tuesday evening. Moderate instability and
    strong vertical shear should support severe thunderstorm activity
    near the cold front from late afternoon into Tuesday night.

    On Day 5/Wednesday, the Plains upper trough will migrate east,
    extending from the Upper Great Lakes to the Lower MS Valley by early
    Thursday. The surface cold front will extend from the OH Valley into north/central TX Wednesday morning and slowly progress southeast
    through the period. Gulf moisture will return north and east across
    the southern U.S. ahead of the front. While deep-layer flow will
    largely be parallel to the surface front, moist and unstable airmass
    ahead of the front should support some risk for severe
    thunderstorms.

    ...Days 6-8/Thu-Sat...

    A deepening surface low will develop northward across the
    Mid-Atlantic and Northeast on Thursday as a surface cold front
    continues to shift east across much of the eastern U.S. While a
    moist airmass will be in place across parts of the Southeast to the Mid-Atlantic, it is uncertain how much destabilization will occur
    due to possibly widespread thunderstorm activity and cloud cover
    (particularly from the Mid-Atlantic northward). Large-scale ascent
    will become increasingly displaced to the north across the
    Southeast, and convection may tend to be anafrontal. Trends will be
    monitored and severe probabilities could become necessary for parts
    of the eastern U.S. on Thursday in later outlooks.

    Severe potential will be limited on Friday as the prior cold frontal
    passages clears out Gulf moisture and surface high pressure envelops
    much of the eastern half of the U.S. Weak upper troughing could
    overspread the Rockies and High Plains by the end of the period,
    allowing for Gulf moisture return across the Plains and an increase
    in thunderstorm potential.

    ..Leitman.. 05/02/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 3 07:52:36 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 030752
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030750

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0250 AM CDT Sun May 03 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Wed -- East TX to the Lower MS and TN Valley vicinity...

    Strong southwesterly deep-layer flow will overspread the region
    ahead of an upper trough pivoting east across the Plains toward the
    Mid-MS Valley. At the surface, a cold front will be oriented from
    the OH Valley to southern AR and central TX. Ahead of the front,
    rich Gulf moisture will be in place across southern and eastern TX
    into the Lower MS Valley eastward toward AL. Moderate to strong
    destabilization is expected across the warm sector ahead of the southward-sagging cold front. Supercell wind profiles are evident in
    forecast soundings. However, given linear forcing along the front
    and deep-layer flow largely parallel to the boundary, it is
    uncertain if discrete storms will be possible. Nevertheless, severe
    potential is still expected with clusters and linear segments given
    the favorable thermodynamic environment and strong vertical shear.

    ...Day 5/Thu - South TX and parts of the Southeast...

    Some severe potential could persist into Thursday across south TX as
    the cold front continues to develop southward across a very moist
    and unstable airmass. However, large-scale ascent may be limited as
    forcing associated with the eastern U.S. upper trough focuses well
    northeast of the region. Shortwave upper ridging also may overspread
    region ahead of an upper low/trough over northwest Mexico.

    Additional strong or severe storms will be possible across parts of
    the Southeast toward the Carolinas and Mid-Atlantic as the cold
    front shifts east across that region. However, widespread
    showers/thunderstorms and cloud cover may limit destabilization, and
    convection could become anafrontal by this time.

    ...Days 6-8/Fri-Sun...

    Spread beings to increase across model guidance by the weekend,
    though mean upper troughing across the East seems likely to persist.
    This typically would not be ideal for severe potential. However, an
    upper shortwave trough is forecast to move across the southern
    Rockies into the southern Plains. Forecast guidance varies widely
    with the timing and evolution of these features however, and
    predictability is low.

    ..Leitman.. 05/03/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 4 07:32:14 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 040732
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040730

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Mon May 04 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale upper troughing is expected to envelop much of the
    eastern half of the CONUS for most of the forecast period. On Day
    4/Thu, a surface cold front is expected to extend from the southern Mid-Atlantic to the central Gulf coast and southern TX. The front
    should largely move offshore the Gulf and Atlantic coasts and over
    northern FL by early Day 5/Fri. A moist airmass will be in place
    ahead of the front and some severe thunderstorm potential could
    develop. However, 15 percent or greater coverage is uncertain given
    deep-layer flow parallel to the boundary, cloud cover and areas of showers/thunderstorms early Thursday, and large-scale ascent lifting
    northeast away from better low-level moisture.

    Severe potential appears low Days 5-6/Fri-Sat. Boundary layer
    moisture will be limited due to the prior cold frontal passage and
    surface high pressure in its wake. Some guidance suggests a weak
    shortwave trough will migrate across the southern Rockies and
    southern Plains on Friday, resulting in lee troughing and some Gulf
    moisture return across TX Friday night into Saturday. This could
    bring an increasing chance for thunderstorms across portions for TX
    and perhaps the Lower MS Valley on Saturday, though severe potential
    is uncertain given large model spread. By early next week, another
    period of moisture return ahead of a shortwave trough ejecting from
    the Rockies into the Plains/Midwest could bring another bout of
    severe potential ahead of a cold front from the southern Plains to
    the Southeast. However, timing and intensity of these features
    varies across control, AI, and ensemble guidance, resulting in low predictability.

    ..Leitman.. 05/04/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 5 07:34:22 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 050734
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050732

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 AM CDT Tue May 05 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Mean upper troughing will persist east of the Rockies for the Day
    4-8 period. This will largely suppress northward transport of Gulf
    moisture, except periodically across the southern Plains and
    Southeast/Gulf coast states. Severe potential is expected to be low
    on Day 4/Fri as surface high pressure dominates in the wake of a
    prior cold frontal passage offshore the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. On
    Day 5/Sat, lee troughing will allow for increasing
    south/southeasterly low-level flow across the southern Plains and
    Lower MS Valley, aiding in moisture return across these areas. This
    could result in thunderstorm potential across the south-central
    U.S., but severe potential is limited given a lack of stronger
    forcing for ascent. By Days 6-7/Sun-Mon, another cold front is
    forecast to move east/southeast across much of the U.S. east of the
    Rockies. As the front impinges on a moist airmass across the
    southern Plains to the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic, some severe
    potential could develop. However, mid to upper-level flow is not
    forecast to be overly strong and medium range guidance varies quite
    a bit with respect to moisture and cold front timing, resulting in
    low predictability.

    ..Leitman.. 05/05/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 6 07:44:30 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 060744
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060742

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0242 AM CDT Wed May 06 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper shortwave trough will be located over TX on Day 4/Saturday.
    Meanwhile, another upper shortwave trough will migrate from the
    central Rockies into the into the central Plains on Saturday. These
    features will result in modestly increasing mid/upper level
    northwesterly flow across the Plains. At the surface, modest
    southerly low-level flow will continue to transport Gulf moisture
    northward across the southern Plains and Lower MS Valley. Weak
    surface cyclogenesis is possible across the central/southern Plains
    and a dryline will extend across western KS/OK/TX. This could be a
    focus for thunderstorm development on Saturday. However, how far
    north quality moisture return will occur (especially before Saturday night/early Sunday) is uncertain. Additionally, deep-layer flow is
    not forecast to be very strong. While some strong to severe
    thunderstorms could develop, confidence is too low to include severe probabilities.

    By Day 5/Sunday, a large scale upper trough over the Plains will
    shift east, extending from the lower Great Lakes to the eastern Gulf
    by Monday morning. A surface low will move from the Midwest to the
    eastern U.S. while a trailing cold front develops southeast across
    the southern Plains and the Mid/Lower MS and OH Valleys. Ahead of
    the front, a moist airmass will be in place across the south-central
    to Southeast U.S. However, it is uncertain how much destabilization
    will occur as widespread precipitation and cloud cover are possible.
    Some strong to severe thunderstorm potential could develop, but
    predictability is low at this time.

    Heading into Days 6-8/Mon-Wed, mean troughing is likely to continue
    across the East with broad northwesterly flow across the Plains. The
    cold frontal passage on Sunday will likely suppress Gulf moisture on
    Monday. Another cold front is forecast to move across portions of
    the Plains and Midwest on Tuesday and any severe potential will
    depend on timing and quality of moisture return into the central
    U.S., which is uncertain. Overall, predictability is low late in the
    forecast period.

    ..Leitman.. 05/06/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 7 07:30:40 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 070730
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070728

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Thu May 07 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A progressive upper-level pattern is forecast during the Day
    4-8/Sun-Thu period. Early in the period, an upper trough will move
    from the Plains to the eastern U.S. through Day 5/Mon. Stronger
    northwesterly flow will overspread the Plains during this time,
    while a cold front will sag southward across TX and Gulf Coast
    states. This will suppress boundary layer moisture across much of
    the CONUS, but could bring some potential for strong thunderstorms
    to parts of TX and the Southeast, though severe thunderstorm
    potential appears marginal.

    By Day 6/Tue, a deepening surface low is forecast across the central
    Plains as a weak shortwave impulse migrating through northwesterly
    flow aloft glaces the region. Increasing southerly low-level flow
    will begin to transport Gulf moisture northward across portions of
    the central U.S. through Day 7/Wed, and some increase in
    thunderstorm potential is expected. At the same time an upper ridge
    will begin to emerge over the Plains, which could lead to capping. Additionally, quality of moisture return is uncertain with northward
    extent. Overall, severe potential appears marginal throughout the
    Day 4-8/Sun-Thu period.

    ..Leitman.. 05/07/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 8 08:33:46 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 080833
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080831

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0331 AM CDT Fri May 08 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4 to Wednesday/Day 6...
    Mid-level northwesterly flow is forecast to persist across much of
    the central and eastern U.S. during the period from Monday to
    Wednesday. A cold front is forecast to move through the Southeast on
    Monday and into the Gulf and Florida on Tuesday and Wednesday.
    Isolated severe thunderstorm development will be possible near and
    ahead of the front each day, with the greatest potential for severe
    Monday afternoon and evening in parts of southern Alabama, southern
    Georgia, northern Florida and the coastal Carolinas. Isolated severe
    wind gusts is expected to be the primary threat.

    Further to the north on Tuesday, another cold front is forecast to
    move southward through the central Plains and mid Mississippi
    Valley. Although low-level moisture is forecast to remain somewhat
    limited, enough instability could develop for an isolated severe
    threat. The greatest potential would be in eastern Missouri and
    southern Illinois in conjunction with a mid-level jet moving
    southeastward through the region. Hail and isolated severe gusts
    will be possible. A marginal severe threat could again develop near
    the associated trough over the central Appalachians Wednesday
    afternoon.

    ...Thursday/Day 7 and Friday/Day 8...
    A shortwave ridge is forecast to move eastward toward the
    Mississippi Valley on Thursday, as another shortwave ridge moves
    into the High Plains on Friday. In the wake of each ridge, model
    forecasts develop a north-to-south axis of instability in the Great
    Plains. Isolated severe storms will be possible within this unstable
    airmass on both Thursday and Friday. At this time, uncertainty is
    substantial late in the day 4 to 8 period.

    ..Broyles.. 05/08/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 9 08:44:58 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 090844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090843

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0343 AM CDT Sat May 09 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Tuesday/Day 4 and Wednesday/Day 5....
    On Tuesday and Wednesday, northwesterly mid-level flow will be in
    place over the central U.S. A shortwave trough is forecast to move southeastward into the upper Mississippi Valley on Tuesday, and into
    the central Appalachians on Wednesday. Isolated severe thunderstorms
    will be possible ahead of the trough each day, but weak instability
    should keep any severe threat marginal.

    ...Thursday/Day 6 to Saturday/Day 8...
    On Thursday, a shortwave ridge is forecast to move eastward across
    the central U.S. A north-to-south axis of instability is forecast to
    develop in the wake of the ridge across the Great Plains. Isolated
    severe storms will be possible along parts of this corridor Thursday
    afternoon and evening.

    On Friday, a subtle shortwave trough is forecast to move eastward
    across the central U.S. Moderate deep-layer shear is forecast to be
    in place over a moist and unstable airmass from eastern Kansas
    southward into Oklahoma, where isolated severe storms may develop
    during the afternoon and evening.

    On Saturday, strong low-level moisture advection is forecast to
    develop over the south-central U.S., as a mid-level shortwave trough
    moves into the southern Plains. Near this trough, scattered
    thunderstorm development will be possible. Moderate deep-layer shear
    and instability should be favorable for an isolated severe threat
    during the afternoon and evening, mainly from Oklahoma southward
    into west-central Texas.

    Considering the last few days of the Day 4 to 8 period, recent
    models have shown substantial variability from run to run. Scenarios
    have been outlined based on model consensus. However, confidence is
    low concerning potential outcomes, especially this upcoming weekend.

    ..Broyles.. 05/09/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 10 08:44:04 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 100844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Sun May 10 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Wednesday/Day 4 to Friday/Day 6...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move into the eastern U.S. on
    Wednesday and become substantially amplified. Ahead of the trough,
    enough instability is expected to develop in the central
    Appalachians Wednesday afternoon for an isolated severe threat.

    On Thursday, a mid-level shortwave ridge is forecast to move through
    the central U.S. An axis of instability appears likely to develop in
    the Great Plains in the wake of the ridge. Although an isolated
    severe threat will be possible along parts of this instability
    corridor Thursday afternoon, model forecasts suggest a cap will
    minimize convective coverage.

    The ridge is forecast to move into the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes
    on Friday, as a mid-level shortwave trough moves into the
    north-central states. Isolated severe storms could occur ahead of
    this trough in the northern Plains and upper Mississippi Valley
    Friday afternoon. Additionally, a conditional severe threat could
    develop southward into the southern and central Plains, but this
    would materialize only if storms can initiate in a somewhat capped
    environment.

    ...Saturday/Day 7 and Sunday/Day 8...
    On Saturday and Sunday, a moist and unstable airmass is forecast to
    gradually advect northward across the southern and central Plains.
    Isolated to scattered storms will be possible each afternoon over
    parts of this airmass. However, large-scale ascent is forecast to
    remain limited and convective initiation will likely be
    mesoscale-driven. For this reason, predictability is low over the
    weekend concerning any potential for severe storms.

    ..Broyles.. 05/10/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 11 08:20:44 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 110820
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110818

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0318 AM CDT Mon May 11 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Thursday/Day 4 to Saturday/Day 6...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave ridge is forecast to pass eastward
    through the north-central U.S. on Thursday. A shortwave trough is
    forecast to move into the Great Plains, with moisture and
    instability located in the central Plains. Although most of the
    airmass is forecast to be capped during the day, a few storms with
    an isolated severe threat will be possible in areas that heat up the
    most.

    On Friday, a mid-level ridge is forecast to move eastward across the
    Great Plains, as a moisture and instability advects northeastward
    into the lower to mid Missouri Valley. Isolated to scattered
    thunderstorms will be possible within this airmass in the afternoon
    and evening. Hail and isolated severe gusts would be the primary
    threats.

    By Saturday, a wide corridor of moderate instability is forecast to
    be in place over the Great Plains. A shortwave trough is forecast to
    move into the central U.S. during the afternoon. Ahead of the
    shortwave, scattered thunderstorms will be possible from north Texas
    northward into Nebraska. Along the western edge of the instability
    corridor, steep mid-level lapse rates and moderate deep-layer shear
    are forecast. The environment could support large hail, damaging
    wind gusts and an isolated tornado threat in the southern and
    central Plains where instability, shear and lift are forecast to
    become maximized.

    ...Sunday/Day 7 and Monday/Day 8...
    On Sunday, mid-level flow is forecast to be southwesterly over the
    central U.S., as a shortwave trough moves into the Great Lakes.
    Another shortwave trough is forecast to move into the northern High
    Plains. Further south in the southern and central Plains, moderate
    to strong instability is forecast to be in place by midday.
    Thunderstorm development is expected over parts of this unstable
    airmass in the afternoon and evening. Although uncertainty exists
    concerning the location of the greatest severe threat, some
    solutions suggest potential for a large complex of storms from
    eastern Kansas into Missouri. At this time, too much uncertainty
    exists for the addition of a severe threat area.

    On Monday, a front is forecast to advance southeastward across the
    central U.S. Ahead of this front, isolated severe storms will be
    possible near an axis of instability in the afternoon and evening.
    However, model spread is relatively large concerning the timing of
    features at this extended range.

    ..Broyles.. 05/11/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 12 08:58:50 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 120858
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Tue May 12 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Friday/Day 4 to Sunday/Day 6...
    Over the weekend, mid-level flow is forecast to gradually become
    southwesterly across the central U.S. In response, low-level
    moisture advection will occur in the Great Plains. By Friday
    afternoon, a moist and unstable airmass is forecast to be in place
    from north Texas into Oklahoma, eastern Kansas and central to
    northern Missouri. Isolated severe storms will be possible within
    this airmass Friday afternoon and evening.

    On Saturday, a dryline is forecast to develop from the far eastern
    Texas Panhandle northward into west-central Kansas. To the east of
    the dryline, surface dewpoints in the 60s F will contribute to
    moderate instability by afternoon. As a mid-level shortwave trough
    approaches in the afternoon, scattered thunderstorms are expected to
    form to the east of the dryline from western Oklahoma into central
    and eastern Kansas. Supercells with large hail, severe wind gusts,
    and a tornado threat could develop.

    A surge of deeper low-level moisture is expected across the southern
    and central Plains on Sunday, as an upper-level trough moves through
    the western U.S. In response, a north-to-south corridor of strong
    instability is forecast by afternoon from western Oklahoma north and northeastward into central and eastern Kansas. Scattered
    thunderstorms are expected within this unstable airmass during the
    afternoon and evening. MCS development may occur in the evening as a
    complex moves northeastward from the central Plains into the mid
    Missouri Valley. Supercells with large hail, severe wind gusts and a
    tornado threat will be possible.

    ...Monday/Day 7 and Tuesday/Day 8...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move across the north-central
    U.S. on Monday, as a cold front advances southeastward into the mid
    Mississippi Valley, Ozarks and southern Plains. Scattered to
    numerous thunderstorms are forecast to form ahead of the front in
    the afternoon. At this time, model forecasts suggest that
    instability and deep-layer shear will be strong enough for severe
    storms across a broad area. However, uncertainty exists concerning
    the location of the front Monday afternoon. A severe threat area may
    be needed in later Outlooks, once confidence increases concerning
    the timing of the front.

    On Tuesday, the cold front is forecast to move southward into north
    Texas and the southern Ozarks. An isolated severe threat could
    develop ahead of the front in the afternoon and evening. However,
    uncertainty is substantial at this extended range.

    ..Broyles.. 05/12/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 13 08:59:58 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 130859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Wed May 13 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Saturday/Day 4 to Monday/Day 6...
    At mid-levels, a shortware trough will move eastward across the
    western U.S. on Saturday, as flow becomes west-southwesterly over
    much of the central U.S. In response, moisture advection is forecast
    to increase over the central U.S. as a pocket of 65 to 70 F
    dewpoints moves northward into the lower and mid Missouri Valley. A
    dryline is forecast on the western edge of the moist airmass.
    Isolated to scattered storms appear likely to initiate to the east
    of the dryline in the afternoon. Additional storms may form eastward
    across the lower to mid Missouri Valley. Moderate deep-layer shear
    is forecast over the instability axis, which should support a
    potential for supercells with large hail and severe wind gusts.

    On Sunday, an upper-level trough is forecast to develop over the
    western U.S. Mid-level flow is expected to become southwesterly over
    the Great Plains, where model forecasts show a surge of low-level
    moisture. In response, surface dewpoints are forecast to increase
    into the mid to upper 60s F over much of the north-central U.S. A
    series of subtle shortwave troughs moving through the Great Plains
    will likely support scattered to numerous thunderstorms in the
    afternoon and evening. The greatest severe threat may develop over
    eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, along the northern edge of a
    low-level jet. A potential for supercells with large hail, wind
    damage and a tornado threat is expected.

    On Monday, the upper-level trough is forecast to move across the
    Intermountain West, as multiple shortwave impulses move
    northeastward across the Great Plains. A cold front is forecast to
    move southeastward across the central U.S. Ahead of the front,
    surface dewpoints in the lower to mid 70s F are forecast to be in
    place by afternoon. In response, strong instability is expected to
    develop in parts of the moist airmass. In addition, a mid-level jet
    is forecast to eject northeastward across the central U.S. Moderate
    to strong deep-layer shear associated with the jet will support a
    potential for severe storms across a broad area from the southern
    Plains northeastward into the Upper Midwest. Supercells and bowing
    line segments with large hail, severe wind gusts and tornadoes will
    be possible.

    ...Tuesday/Day 7 and Wednesday/Day 8...
    On Tuesday and Wednesday, a cold front is forecast to move from the
    Upper Midwest southeastward into the Appalachians. A moist and
    unstable airmass will likely be in place ahead of the front, with
    scattered to numerous thunderstorms likely developing each afternoon
    and evening. The greatest severe threat could materialize over the
    mid Mississippi and lower Ohio Valley on Tuesday, and in the
    Northeast on Wednesday, adjacent to a mid-level jet passing through.
    However, uncertainty is substantial at this time concerning the
    timing of the upper-level trough and cold front.

    ..Broyles.. 05/13/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 14 09:03:14 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 140903
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140901

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0401 AM CDT Thu May 14 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK POSSIBLE ON D4/SUN...D5/MON...

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Sunday/Day 4 and Monday/Day 5...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward across the
    Intermountain West on Sunday, as a subtle shortwave trough moves
    northeastward across the Great Plains. Ahead of the trough a moist
    and unstable airmass is forecast across much of the Great Plains
    eastward into the Mississippi Valley. Scattered elevated strong
    thunderstorms will be possible early in the day from the northern
    Plains eastward into the upper Mississippi Valley. Southward into
    the central Plains and mid Missouri Valley, strong surface heating
    is forecast. Some models suggest MLCAPE could peak in the 3000 to
    4000 J/kg range. In addition, a broad 40 to 50 knot low-level jet is
    forecast to strengthen late Sunday afternoon. This, combined with
    moderate to strong deep-layer shear over much of the moist sector
    will be favorable for severe storms potentially over a large area. A
    severe weather outbreak will be possible from the afternoon and
    evening into the early overnight period. The setup appears favorable
    for supercells with tornadoes, large to very large hail and wind
    damage.

    On Monday, model forecasts eject a negatively-tilted upper-level
    trough into the central Plains. Ahead of the trough, a moist and
    unstable airmass is forecast to be located from the southern and
    central Plains northeastward into the Upper Midwest. A mid-level jet
    is forecast to also eject northeastward across the central Plains as
    a broad low-level jet strengthens during the late afternoon.
    Thunderstorm development is expected along the western edge of the
    airmass near a dryline over west-central Kansas and southeast
    Nebraska. Thunderstorms that move into the strong low-level flow in
    the late afternoon and early evening will have potential to be
    supercells with large to very large hail, and tornadoes. Severe wind
    gusts will also be possible. A severe weather outbreak will be
    possible from Monday afternoon into evening and overnight period.

    ...Tuesday/Day 6 to Thursday/Day 8...
    On Tuesday, mid-level southwesterly flow is forecast over the
    central U.S., with a cold front moving southeastward through the
    central Plains and Upper Midwest. Ahead of this front, surface
    dewpoints from the mid 60s to the lower 70s F are expected to
    contribute to moderate to strong instability. Thunderstorm
    development with a severe threat will be possible along and ahead of
    the front during the afternoon and evening from the northern part of
    the southern Plains northeastward into the mid Mississippi Valley.

    On Wednesday and Thursday, the cold front is forecast to move slowly southeastward across the southern Plains and mid Mississippi Valley,
    extending east-northeastward into the Mid-Atlantic. A severe threat
    could develop along and ahead of the front each afternoon and
    evening. However, uncertainty concerning the exact location of the
    front is substantial at this extended range.

    ..Broyles.. 05/14/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 15 09:03:48 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 150903
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150901

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0401 AM CDT Fri May 15 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK POSSIBLE ON D4/MON...

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4...
    A severe weather outbreak will be possible from Monday afternoon
    into the evening and overnight period. On Monday, the western trough
    will take on a negative tilt before ejecting across the central
    Plains, with strong southwesterly flow aloft overspreading the
    region. This will result in strong lee cyclone development across
    western Kansas. A surface cold front will extend northward to a
    secondary surface low across the upper Midwest. A dryline will
    extend southward across portions of western Kansas into western
    Oklahoma. Numerous thunderstorms are expected to develop along and
    ahead of the cold front and further south along the dryline Monday
    afternoon and evening from Nebraska into central Kansas. Given the
    volatile air mass ahead of these features, with moderate to strong
    instability and strengthening deep layer shear, initial development
    will likely be supercellular. Initial supercells will pose risk of
    all hazards including large to very large hail, damaging wind, and
    tornadoes. As the southwesterly low-level jet increases into the
    evening, large clockwise enhancement of low-level hodographs across
    portions of central Kansas into northern Oklahoma may lead to an
    increasing risk for strong to intense tornadoes. Additional
    thunderstorm development will spread in tandem with the cold front
    from the central Plains to the upper Midwest through the evening,
    with potential for more widespread damaging wind and a few tornadoes
    (some of which may be strong).

    ...Tuesday/Day 5 to Thursday/Day 7...
    Severe potential is expected to continue D5/Tuesday as the cold
    front extends from the upper Midwest to southern Plains. Strong to
    moderate instability ahead of the front will continue to support
    severe storms from the northern part of the southern Plains
    northeastward into the mid Mississippi Valley. Trends are for the
    front to shift eastward faster than originally expected, and as such probabilities were shifted eastward with this update. Strong to
    severe storms may extend further north into the northeast and Great
    Lakes Region.

    On Wednesday and Thursday, the cold front is forecast to move
    southeastward across the southern Plains and mid Mississippi Valley,
    extending east-northeastward into the Mid-Atlantic. A severe threat
    could develop along and ahead of the front each afternoon and
    evening. However, uncertainty concerning the exact location of the
    front is substantial at this extended range.

    ..Thornton.. 05/15/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 16 08:59:58 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 160859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CDT Sat May 16 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Tuesday...
    Severe potential is expected to continue D4/Tuesday as the cold
    front extends from the upper Midwest to southern Plains. Moderate to
    strong instability ahead of the front will continue to support
    severe storms with potential for damaging wind and large hail from
    the northern part of the southern Plains northeastward into the
    Great Lakes Region. Probabilities were shifted eastward and
    northward with this update in alignment with continued trends for
    the timing/placement of the cold front.

    ... D5/Wednesday - D8/Saturday...
    On Wednesday and Thursday, the cold front is forecast to move
    southeastward across the southern Plains and mid Mississippi Valley,
    extending east-northeastward into the Mid-Atlantic. A severe threat
    could develop along and ahead of the front each afternoon. However,
    strongest upper-level flow becomes displaced to the north from the
    better instability, which will reside along and south of the front
    across the southeastern US. This leads to low confidence in any
    organized severe threat.

    D6/Thursday through D8/Saturday, moist southerly return flow will
    begin across the southern/central Plains into the weekend. Overall,
    forcing for ascent will remain limited with generally weak flow and
    height rises across the Plains. Areas of thunderstorms may continue
    from the far southern Plains into the Southeast, but confidence in a
    more focused corridor of severe weather threat remains low at this
    time.

    ..Thornton.. 05/16/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 17 08:56:08 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 170856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170854

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0354 AM CDT Sun May 17 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ... D4/Wednesday - D8/Sunday...
    On D4/Wednesday and D5/Thursday, a cold front will move
    southeastward across the southern Plains and mid Mississippi Valley,
    extending east-northeastward into the Mid-Atlantic. A severe threat
    could develop along and ahead of the front each afternoon. However,
    strongest upper-level flow becomes displaced to the north from the
    better instability, which will reside along and south of the front
    across the southeastern US. There will be some potential for high
    based thunderstorm development within the upslope regime across New
    Mexico into far western Texas D4/Wednesday, with potential for large
    hail. Overall, there is low confidence in a widespread/organized
    severe threat.

    D5/Thursday through D8/Sunday, moist southerly return flow will
    begin across the southern/central Plains into the weekend. It is
    likely that the cold front will stall becoming a diffuse stationary
    boundary extending across the southern Plains into the Southeast,
    with thunderstorm activity along and south of the boundary each day.
    Overall, forcing for ascent will remain limited with generally weak
    flow and height rises across the Plains. Confidence in a more
    focused corridor of severe weather threat remains low at this time.

    ..Thornton.. 05/17/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 18 08:46:16 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 180846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180844

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CDT Mon May 18 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Thursday - D5/Friday...
    On D4/Thursday, a stationary front will extend across the southern
    Plains and mid Mississippi Valley and east to the Carolinas.
    A few stronger thunderstorms may develop south of this boundary,
    however, the strongest upper-level flow will be displaced to the
    north, limiting confidence in a more organized severe threat.

    Moist southerly return flow will begin across the southern/central
    Plains into the weekend. Modest westerly flow across the dryline on
    D5/Friday may support some potential for severe storms. Overall,
    forcing for ascent will remain limited and there is low confidence
    in including a severe risk area at this time.

    ...D6/Saturday-D8/Monday...
    Through the end of the extended period, height rises are expected
    across the central US as a high amplitude ridge settles in from the
    west. While moisture will continue to move northward into the
    central/northern Plains, generally weak flow and subsidence will
    keep severe potential low.

    ..Thornton.. 05/18/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 18 14:00:48 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 181400
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 181358

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0858 AM CDT Mon May 18 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Thursday - D5/Friday...
    On D4/Thursday, a stationary front will extend across the southern
    Plains and mid Mississippi Valley and east to the Carolinas.
    A few stronger thunderstorms may develop south of this boundary,
    however, the strongest upper-level flow will be displaced to the
    north, limiting confidence in a more organized severe threat.

    Moist southerly return flow will begin across the southern/central
    Plains into the weekend. Modest westerly flow across the dryline on
    D5/Friday may support some potential for severe storms. Overall,
    forcing for ascent will remain limited and there is low confidence
    in including a severe risk area at this time.

    ...D6/Saturday-D8/Monday...
    Through the end of the extended period, height rises are expected
    across the central US as a high amplitude ridge settles in from the
    west. While moisture will continue to move northward into the
    central/northern Plains, generally weak flow and subsidence will
    keep severe potential low.

    ..Thornton.. 05/18/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 19 09:01:58 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 190901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Tue May 19 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Friday...
    Moist southerly return flow will begin across the southern/central
    Plains into the weekend. Modest westerly flow aloft across the
    dryline on D4/Friday may support potential for severe storms.
    Guidance shows disagreement in the location of the dryline, with
    some guidance depicting the dryline back in the OK/TX Panhandle and
    others with a further east dryline into western Oklahoma. Forecast
    soundings show limited inhibition by the afternoon, with strong
    daytime heating and temperatures warming into the mid to upper 80s.
    Steep low to mid-level lapse rates are also noted, with moderate to
    strong instability ahead of the dryline. Given weak inhibition and
    modest mid-level flow, convective initiation is possible by the
    afternoon. Shear profiles are marginally sufficient to support
    organized storms, with a mix of multi-cell and supercell modes. A
    15% area was added with this outlook where confidence is greater in
    convection occurring.

    ...D5/Saturday-D8/Tuesday...
    Through the end of the extended period, height rises are expected
    across the central US as a high amplitude ridge settles in from the
    west. While moisture will continue to move northward into the
    central/northern Plains, generally weak flow and subsidence will
    keep severe potential low.

    ..Thornton.. 05/19/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 20 08:58:12 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 200858
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200856

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0356 AM CDT Wed May 20 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe potential will remain low through the extended period. Weak
    troughing will continue across the central Plains through the
    weekend before height rises begin across the central US with a high
    amplitude ridge settling in from the west. This pattern will remain
    in place through early to middle of next week. Slow moisture return
    will be ongoing across much of the Plains into the Midwest with
    occasional rounds of widespread rainfall and thunderstorms, but
    generally weak flow and subsidence will keep organized storm
    potential low through D8/Wednesday.

    ..Thornton.. 05/20/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 21 08:49:36 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 210849
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210847

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0347 AM CDT Thu May 21 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe potential will remain low through the beginning of the
    extended period. Weak troughing will continue across the central
    Plains D4/Sunday before height rises begin across the central US
    with a high amplitude ridge settling in from the west D5/Monday.
    This pattern will remain in place through early next week. Slow
    moisture return will be ongoing across much of the Plains into the
    Midwest with occasional rounds of widespread rainfall and
    thunderstorms, but generally weak flow and subsidence will keep
    organized storm potential low.

    By the midweek, a trough is progged to begin deepening across the
    Pacific Northwest. As the upper low slowly shifts eastward, stronger
    flow will overspread the Intermountain West into the Northern
    Rockies, resulting in strengthening lee troughing across the
    central/northern Plains D6/Tuesday and D7/Wednesday. Moisture
    advection will spread northward amid strengthening southerly flow
    across the central/northern Plains. While there are some differences
    in the placement of upper-level and surface features, it is possible
    that severe chances will return across portions of northern High
    Plains. For now, confidence in exact corridors remains low given
    model guidance differences.

    ..Thornton.. 05/21/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 22 09:03:16 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 220903
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220901

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0401 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe potential will remain low D4/Monday. Height rises begin
    across the central US with a high amplitude ridge settling in from
    the west. Slow moisture return will be ongoing across much of the
    Plains into the Midwest with widely scattered areas of rainfall and thunderstorms. A few strong to marginally severe storms will be
    possible, but generally weak flow and subsidence will keep organized
    storm potential low.

    A trough is progged to begin deepening across the Pacific Northwest
    D5/Tuesday into D6/Wednesday. As the upper low slowly shifts
    eastward, stronger flow will overspread the Intermountain West into
    the Northern Rockies, resulting in strengthening lee troughing
    across the central/northern Plains. Moisture advection will spread
    northward amid strengthening southerly flow across the
    central/northern Plains. There remains uncertainty in the northward
    and westward extent of moisture return and in progression of the
    western trough. Severe storms may occur each day across some portion
    of the northern and northern/central High Plains. For now,
    confidence in exact corridors remains low.

    By D7/Thursday-D8/Friday, guidance suggests the western low becomes
    cut off and slowly wobbles towards the Great Basin before becoming
    absorbed back into the northern stream. This is likely due to
    continued high amplitude ridging across the central US. Some severe
    potential may extend into the eastern US as a cold front shifts
    southward as flow enhances in the trough across Quebec in the D7-D8
    period.

    ..Thornton.. 05/22/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 23 08:55:54 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 230855
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230853

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0353 AM CDT Sat May 23 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 311200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A trough will deepen and shift eastward across the Pacific Northwest D4/Tuesday-D5/Wednesday. As the upper low slowly shifts eastward,
    stronger flow will overspread the Intermountain West into the
    Northern Rockies which will result in strengthening lee troughing
    across the central/northern Plains. Moisture advection will spread
    northward with the strengthening southerly flow across the
    central/northern Plains. Severe storms may occur each day across
    some portion of the northern and northern/central High Plains. In
    addition, strengthening southern stream flow may bring stronger
    storms across the Sierra Madre which may bring severe potential into
    portions of far southern Texas. For now, confidence in exact
    corridors of greater severe potential remains low.

    By D6/Thursday-D8/Saturday, guidance suggests the western low
    becomes cut off and slowly wobbles towards the Great Basin before
    becoming absorbed back into the northern stream, likely due to the
    high amplitude ridging across the central. Some severe potential may
    extend into the eastern US as a cold front shifts southward as flow
    enhances in the trough across Quebec in the D6-D7 period.

    ..Thornton.. 05/23/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 24 09:02:30 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 240902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Sun May 24 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The western US trough will shift southward into the Great Basin on
    D4/Wednesday with strengthening westerly flow overspreading the
    southwestern US. The axis of the central US ridge will shift
    eastward, with heights continuing to rise across portions of the central/northern Plains. A few stronger storms may be possible
    across portions of central/eastern Montana. Overall, confidence is
    low in any areas of organized severe potential. Widely scattered
    thunderstorm activity will be possible from the Southern/Central
    Plains to the southeastern US. Generally weak flow should keep
    organized severe potential low. The exception may be across far
    western Texas where modest mid-level flow will continue, though
    large scale forcing for ascent will decrease from D3/Tuesday.

    For the D5/Thursday through D6/Friday period, ensemble guidance
    suggests the western low will shift northward again and phase with
    the northern jet stream. There is low confidence in chances for
    strong to severe storms, pending details on moisture, across the
    northern Rockies into the central/northern high Plains as lee
    troughing strengthens. Some severe potential may also extend into
    the eastern and southeastern US as a cold front shifts southward as
    flow enhances in the trough across Quebec from D6/Friday to
    D7/Saturday.

    ..Thornton.. 05/24/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 25 08:45:06 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 250845
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250843

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0343 AM CDT Mon May 25 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Thursday through D5/Friday...
    The western low is expected to shift northward again and phase with
    the northern jet stream D4/Thursday - D5/Friday. There is low
    confidence in chances for strong to severe storms, pending details
    on moisture, across the Intermountain West and northern Rockies.

    Guidance suggests that as the western trough shifts northward and
    weak disturbances rotate across the Rockies, lee troughing across
    the Plains may strengthen D5/Friday, bringing a potential for low
    end severe risk into the central/northern High Plains. For now
    confidence in any corridors of organized severe risk remain too low.

    A cold front will sag southward across the east coast D4/Thursday
    through D5/Friday as enhanced flow digs an upper level trough across
    Quebec southward into the eastern Great Lakes. Some low end severe
    potential may accompany this frontal passage each day, but
    uncertainty remains high in overlap of deep layer shear with better moisture/instability.

    ...D6/Saturday through D8/Monday...
    Toward the end of next weekend D7/Sunday through D8/Monday, ensemble
    guidance is increasing in confidence for a large scale ridge to
    build in across the central/western US with rising heights and
    warming temperatures. Building surface high pressure across the
    Midwest/Great Lakes may shunt moisture southward to the Gulf states.
    Should this pattern continue to hold, severe potential will remain
    low through much of the CONUS.

    ..Thornton.. 05/25/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 26 08:40:16 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 260840
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260838

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0338 AM CDT Tue May 26 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper low is forecast to be located over the Great Basin on
    Friday/D4, moving into the northern Rockies/High Plains through
    Saturday/D5, and weakening all the while. Models indicate 500 mb
    winds by Saturday will only be in the 20-25 kt range with this
    feature. Therefore, despite low 60s F dewpoints, the severe risk is
    expected to be somewhat disorganized. However, at least low
    probabilities may be required in later outlook updates.

    Meanwhile, a low-latitude shortwave trough is forecast to move
    across the southern Plains and into the lower MS Valley, from
    Saturday/D5 into Sunday/D6. Given the expected very moist air mass
    in place with 70s F dewpoints, and lack of capping, scattered areas
    of thunderstorms are likely throughout the period. Much of the
    activity will occur over TX and OK, where moderate instability is
    forecast. However, shear will be generally weak. Given the daily
    cycle of thunderstorms and resulting outflow boundaries across the
    entire region, predictability is too low to denote any concentrated
    severe areas. However, sporadic severe winds, perhaps isolated hail,
    cannot be ruled out from the southern Plains into the lower MS
    Valley from Saturday/D5 into Monday/D7.

    ..Jewell.. 05/26/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 27 07:47:52 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 270747
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270746

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0246 AM CDT Wed May 27 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    On Saturday/D4, an upper low will weaken as it moves from UT into
    WY, with midlevel wind speeds at or below 25 kt across the northern Rockies/Plains. This feature will persist into Sunday/D5 and
    Monday/D6 as it moves toward MT and eventually into Canada. Given
    the weak winds aloft, severe potential should be relatively low, but
    isolated strong storms may occur over parts of the northern Plains.

    Farther south, stronger instability is forecast over the southern
    and central Plains, where 60s to lower 70s F dewpoints will exist.
    Although unstable, shear will be quite weak. Saturday/D4 may hold
    slightly greater severe potential compared to other days, as the
    southern lobe of the western trough lifts north out of the
    southern/central Plains. However, shear will still be marginal, and
    the likelihood antecedent precip/outflows lessens predictability in
    the weak forcing pattern. The stronger instability air mass appear
    most prominent through about Monday/D6. Thereafter, an upper trough
    may amplify over the eastern CONUS, driving high pressure south
    across the eastern CONUS/MS Valley.

    ..Jewell.. 05/27/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 28 08:39:28 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 280839
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280837

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0337 AM CDT Thu May 28 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    For much of the D4-D8 period, an upper trough is forecast to reside
    over the Northeast, with high pressure over the Great Lakes and much
    of the Midwest to Mid Atlantic. West of this surface high, southerly
    winds across the Plains will maintain a moist air mass with 60s and
    70s F dewpoints prevalent.

    In the upper levels, a weak negatively tilted trough will shift
    slowly northward across the northern Plains & Rockies on Sunday/D4
    and Monday/D5, providing cooler temperatures aloft and slightly
    stronger wind speeds. Farther south into the central and southern
    Plains, winds aloft will be even weaker, however, the midlevels will
    remain relatively cool, supporting areas of strong instability due
    to steep lapse rates aloft.

    In general, areas of strong thunderstorms appear likely on a daily
    basis across much of the Plains during the peak heating hours. Areas
    of severe storms will be possible as well due to the widespread
    2000+ J/kg MUCAPE, with localized hail & wind potential where
    clusters develop. The NE/KS/OK/MO area in particular will be within
    the heart of the instability axis, with 3000-4000 J/kg possible.

    Predictability is low in this pattern due to lack of large-scale
    forcing, and the fact that clusters of storms may persist overnight
    as various outflow boundaries affect storm potential each subsequent
    day. However, smaller/more focused areas of potential may become
    evident in subsequent outlook cycles.

    ..Jewell.. 05/28/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 29 08:28:06 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 290828
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290826

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0326 AM CDT Fri May 29 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4 to Wednesday/Day 6...
    At mid-levels, a ridge is forecast to move from the north-central
    U.S. on Monday into the Great Lakes by Wednesday, as a shortwave
    trough moves slowly eastward from the northern Rockies into the
    northern Plains. In the vicinity of the ridge on Monday, an axis of
    moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop. In spite of
    limited forcing, isolated severe storms may form on Monday afternoon
    over parts of the north-central U.S., mainly in areas where
    low-level convergence becomes maximized. On Tuesday, isolated severe
    storms will be possible ahead of the approaching trough along a
    north-to-south corridor of instability in the Dakotas and Nebraska.
    Storms will again be possible ahead of the trough in the upper
    Mississippi and mid Missouri Valleys on Wednesday. The primary
    threats would be isolated severe gusts and hail.

    ...Thursday/Day 7 and Friday/Day 8...
    The mid-level trough is forecast to move into the Great Lakes on
    Thursday and into the Northeast on Friday, as another trough moves
    into the central U.S. Ahead of this second trough, isolated severe
    storms will be possible on Thursday and Friday in parts of the
    central and northern Plains. A few of the stronger storms could be
    associated with severe wind gusts and hail.

    ..Broyles.. 05/29/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 30 08:44:14 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 300844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Sat May 30 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Tuesday/Day 4 to Thursday/Day 6...
    At mid-levels, a ridge is forecast to move slowly eastward from the
    upper Mississippi Valley on Tuesday to the northeastern U.S. by
    Thursday. During that time, a shortwave trough is forecast to move
    slowly eastward across the north-central U.S. Isolated severe
    thunderstorms will be possible ahead of the trough each afternoon
    and evening. The greatest severe threat is currently expected in the
    Dakotas on Tuesday and Wednesday, and in the upper Mississippi
    Valley on Thursday. Regarding the spatial extent of any severe
    threat, some uncertainty exists concerning the timing of the trough
    and the location of maximum instability.

    ...Friday/Day 7 and Saturday/Day 8...
    Multiple shortwave troughs are forecast to move across the central
    U.S. on Friday and Saturday. During this time, moisture and
    instability is forecast to be maximized in the Great Plains. As
    surface temperatures heat up each day, thunderstorm development and
    potentially an isolated severe threat will be possible across a
    relatively broad moist sector. Concerning predictability, the
    convoluted pattern introduces considerable uncertainty as to where
    the greatest severe threat will be.

    ..Broyles.. 05/30/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 31 08:44:24 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 310844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 310842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Sun May 31 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Wednesday/Day 4 to Friday/Day 6...
    A mid-level trough is forecast to move into the northern High Plains
    on Wednesday, into the upper Mississippi Valley on Thursday and into
    the Great Lakes on Friday. A moist and unstable airmass is forecast
    over the northern Plains, where a severe threat will be possible
    during the afternoon and evening on both Wednesday and Thursday.
    Large hail and severe wind gusts would be possible. The threat is
    forecast to be concentrated ahead of a cold front passing through
    the northern Plains. Considerable uncertainty exists concerning the
    timing of the front.

    In the wake of the trough, a shortwave ridge is forecast to move
    into the northern Plains on Friday. Isolated severe storms will
    again be possible across the Dakotas Friday afternoon within an
    unstable airmass, but limited forcing would keep any severe threat
    more localized.

    Further south across the southern and central Plains, a relatively
    broad corridor of moderate instability is forecast each afternoon
    from Wednesday to Friday. However, forcing is expected to remain
    limited, which should keep any severe threat isolated and
    conditional.

    ...Saturday/Day 7 and Sunday/Day 8...
    On Saturday and Sunday, a mid-level trough is forecast to move
    eastward into the northwestern U.S., as a shortwave ridge moves from
    the Great Plains into the Mississippi Valley. In the wake of the
    ridge, a secondary trough is forecast to move through the southern
    and central Plains. Isolated severe storms would be possible near
    this trough in the afternoon and evening on both Saturday and
    Sunday. However, the timing of the trough and distribution of
    instability surrounding the trough is considerably uncertain at this
    time.

    ..Broyles.. 05/31/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 1 08:57:02 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 010857
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Mon Jun 01 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Thursday/Day 4 to Saturday/Day 6...
    At mid-levels, a trough is forecast to move across the western U.S.
    on Thursday, as a subtle lead shortwave trough moves into the
    central and northern High Plains. At the surface, a broad area of
    moderate instability is forecast to be in place across much of
    Nebraska and South Dakota by afternoon. Scattered thunderstorms are
    expected to develop ahead of the shortwave trough in the central and
    northern High Plains, with these storms moving eastward across
    western Nebraska and western South Dakota during the afternoon and
    evening. The instability along with moderate to strong deep-layer
    shear is expected to support severe thunderstorm development.
    Supercells with large hail and severe wind gusts will be possible.
    An isolated tornado threat may also develop.

    The mid-level shortwave trough is forecast to move eastward across
    the northern Plains on Friday and into the upper Mississippi Valley
    on Saturday. During this time, a severe threat will be possible each
    afternoon ahead of the shortwave trough in a moist and unstable
    airmass. A more isolated severe threat may develop southward into
    the central Plains and lower to mid Missouri Valley. For these two
    days, spatial uncertainty is substantial concerning the exact
    location of where the severe threat will be greatest.

    ...Sunday/Day 7 and Monday/Day 8...
    From Sunday into Monday, a broad corridor of moist air is expected
    to be in place over the Great Plains. Moderate to strong instability
    appears likely to develop across parts of this airmass each
    afternoon. Model forecasts suggest that deep-layer shear will remain
    relatively weak over most of the Great Plains. Although an isolated
    severe threat would be possible in some areas, uncertainty
    concerning the mid-level pattern and the resultant deep-layer shear
    is considerable at this time.

    ..Broyles.. 06/01/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 2 09:14:46 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 020914
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020913

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0413 AM CDT Tue Jun 02 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Friday...

    The 00z ensemble mean solutions are in reasonable agreement in the
    eastward progression of a low-amplitude short-wave trough through
    the northern and central Plains into the upper Midwest, in tandem
    with a surface front. Those features are expected to support
    diurnally enhanced thunderstorm development, especially from parts
    of the mid MO Valley into upper Midwest amidst a moist and
    moderately unstable air mass. However, there is model spread in the
    strength of vertical shear across the warm sector, which casts
    uncertainty on organized severe-weather potential.


    ...Days 5/Saturday and 6/Sunday...

    A vigorous short-wave trough moving onto the Pacific Northwest and
    BC coasts Saturday morning is forecast to weak while lifting
    northeast into the lee of the Canadian Rockies. A belt of enhanced
    mid-level winds attending that system is forecast to overspread the
    northern Rockies Saturday, and then the adjacent northern High
    Plains on Sunday. The 00z EPS/GEFS/CMCE ensembles indicate
    clustering in lee cyclone development across WY or MT on Saturday,
    with considerably more spread in surface low positions by Sunday.
    However, those data do suggest that a front will move into the
    northern High Plains during the day Sunday.

    Isolated severe storms appear possible across portions of central
    and eastern MT Saturday, and perhaps portions of MT into ND on
    Sunday. Low predictability will be maintained in these areas as it
    appears that the better forcing for ascent may tend to spread north
    into Canada. However, these areas will be monitored for a potential
    upgrade to a 15% unconditional severe-weather probability in
    subsequent outlooks.

    Elsewhere, there is reasonable model agreement in a mid-level trough
    moving through the Great Lakes and Northeast, with a lower-latitude
    system lifting north through the southern and central Plains. The
    presence of a moist and unstable air mass will support strong to
    isolated severe-storm potential from parts of the southern and
    central Plains into Great Lakes on Saturday, and southern and
    central Plains into Ozark Plateau and Mid-Atlantic States on Sunday.


    ...Days 7/Monday and 8/Tuesday...

    The various ensemble mean solutions indicate some longitudinal
    variance in an evolving mid-level trough in the vicinity of the
    Pacific Coast. Elsewhere, the southern/central Plains trough
    discussed in the previous section is forecast to weaken while
    progressing into the upper Midwest. In general, these solutions
    indicate the strongest mid-level flow confined to the Interior West,
    and across Canada. The models suggest the most probable overlap of
    that higher-momentum flow (and associated vertical shear) with a
    moist and unstable air mass is from the northern Rockies into
    northern High Plains during this time frame, supporting some
    severe-storm threat.

    .... 06/02/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 2 10:35:46 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 021035
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 021033

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0533 AM CDT Tue Jun 02 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Friday...

    The 00z ensemble mean solutions are in reasonable agreement in the
    eastward progression of a low-amplitude short-wave trough through
    the northern and central Plains into the upper Midwest, in tandem
    with a surface front. Those features are expected to support
    diurnally enhanced thunderstorm development, especially from parts
    of the mid MO Valley into upper Midwest amidst a moist and
    moderately unstable air mass. However, there is model spread in the
    strength of vertical shear across the warm sector, which casts
    uncertainty on organized severe-weather potential.


    ...Days 5/Saturday and 6/Sunday...

    A vigorous short-wave trough moving onto the Pacific Northwest and
    BC coasts Saturday morning is forecast to weak while lifting
    northeast into the lee of the Canadian Rockies. A belt of enhanced
    mid-level winds attending that system is forecast to overspread the
    northern Rockies Saturday, and then the adjacent northern High
    Plains on Sunday. The 00z EPS/GEFS/CMCE ensembles indicate
    clustering in lee cyclone development across WY or MT on Saturday,
    with considerably more spread in surface low positions by Sunday.
    However, those data do suggest that a front will move into the
    northern High Plains during the day Sunday.

    Isolated severe storms appear possible across portions of central
    and eastern MT Saturday, and perhaps portions of MT into ND on
    Sunday. Low predictability will be maintained in these areas as it
    appears that the better forcing for ascent may tend to spread north
    into Canada. However, these areas will be monitored for a potential
    upgrade to a 15% unconditional severe-weather probability in
    subsequent outlooks.

    Elsewhere, there is reasonable model agreement in a mid-level trough
    moving through the Great Lakes and Northeast, with a lower-latitude
    system lifting north through the southern and central Plains. The
    presence of a moist and unstable air mass will support strong to
    isolated severe-storm potential from parts of the southern and
    central Plains into Great Lakes on Saturday, and southern and
    central Plains into Ozark Plateau and Mid-Atlantic States on Sunday.


    ...Days 7/Monday and 8/Tuesday...

    The various ensemble mean solutions indicate some longitudinal
    variance in an evolving mid-level trough in the vicinity of the
    Pacific Coast. Elsewhere, the southern/central Plains trough
    discussed in the previous section is forecast to weaken while
    progressing into the upper Midwest. In general, these solutions
    indicate the strongest mid-level flow confined to the Interior West,
    and across Canada. The models suggest the most probable overlap of
    that higher-momentum flow (and associated vertical shear) with a
    moist and unstable air mass is from the northern Rockies into
    northern High Plains during this time frame, supporting some
    severe-storm threat.

    ..Mead.. 06/02/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 3 08:46:52 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 030846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Wed Jun 03 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Saturday...

    Model guidance is in good agreement in the progression of a
    short-wave trough from the Great Lakes into Northeast, with a strong
    upstream system moving through the Canada Rockies and Pacific
    Northwest into the northern Rockies. Elsewhere, a mid-level low will
    track through the southern and central Plains. In the low levels, a
    cold front is forecast to move through the Great Lakes into the OH
    Valley and Northeast, while a lee cyclone deepens over the northern
    High Plains along a separate cold front emerging from the northern
    Rockies.

    The most probable location for organized severe thunderstorm
    development appears to be in the vicinity of the lee cyclone and
    front in portions of eastern MT and western ND Saturday afternoon
    and evening. There, steep lapse rates and moderate instability will
    coincide with steadily strengthening deep-layer shear. Elsewhere, at
    least isolated severe storms appear possible along the cold front
    from portions of the Great Lakes into the OH Valley and the
    Northeast, as well as in parts of TX, to the southeast of the upper
    low.


    ...Day5/Sunday...

    A short-wave trough will continue through the Northeast and
    Mid-Atlantic, while the bulk of ensemble guidance suggests the
    northern Rockies disturbance will lift northeast into the Canadian
    Prairie Provinces. Meanwhile, the central/southern Plains low is
    forecast to evolve into an open wave while moving into the mid/lower
    MO Valley and Ozark Plateau. The models indicate the potential for
    moderate to strong instability to develop across the northern Plains
    warm sector on Sunday afternoon. However, there is some signal that
    the strongest vertical shear will be displaced to the west of the
    cold front. Furthermore, given that the strongest forcing for ascent
    is expected to lift north of the International Border, residual
    capping across the warm sector may limit storm coverage. Given these
    concerns, no probabilities will be included in this forecast.

    Elsewhere, at least isolated severe storms appears possible along
    the cold front in portions of the Northeast into Mid-Atlantic Sunday
    afternoon.


    ...Day 6-8/Monday through Wednesday...

    Ensemble guidance is suggestive that mid-level troughing will evolve
    along the West Coast early next week, with that feature slowly
    advancing through the Interior West. Considerably more spread is
    evident in the deterministic models, with low confidence in any one
    solution. In general, it appears that the stronger mid-level flow
    associated with the western U.S. trough may begin to overspread
    portions of the northern and central High Plains by Tuesday and/or
    Wednesday, where a moist and unstable air mass is expected to
    reside. Should confidence increase in the finer-scale details of the
    pattern, unconditional 15% probabilities may need to be included
    during this time frame.

    ..Mead.. 06/03/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 4 08:56:24 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 040854
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040852

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0352 AM CDT Thu Jun 04 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day4/Sunday...

    A short-wave trough initially from the lee of the Canadian Rockies
    into the northern Rockies is forecast to lift northeast into central
    Canada, while a lower-latitude wave moves through the central and
    southern Plains toward the MS Valley. Elsewhere, a short-wave trough
    will traverse the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic. At the surface, a cold
    front will slowly advance across the northern Plains, while a
    separate cold front moves south through the Mid-Atlantic.

    The strongest mid/upper-level winds and associated vertical shear
    will lag the northern Plains cold front to the west; however, the
    presence of moderate to strong instability within the warm sector
    may compensate, yielding the potential for an organized
    severe-weather event Sunday afternoon and evening. Elsewhere,
    isolated to widely scattered severe storms appear possible along the Mid-Atlantic cold front, as well as across lower elevations of
    central and southern Plains into Ozark Plateau, in association with
    the mid-level trough.


    ...Day5/Monday...

    Ensemble mean and deterministic model solutions are in good
    agreement in suggesting that a mid-level trough will move onto the
    West Coast, with a downstream belt of stronger winds remaining
    confined to the Interior West. At the surface, a cold front
    initially from the ND-MN Red River Valley into central High Plains
    will weaken through the day in response to falling pressures over
    the Rockies. Isolated severe storms appear possible along the
    segment of the front immediately east of a surface low over western
    KS where strong instability is forecast. However, generally weak
    forcing for ascent and marginal vertical shear may limit the
    potential for an organized severe-weather episode.


    ...Day6/Tuesday...

    The ensemble mean and deterministic model solutions remain in
    relatively good agreement in depicting the continued amplification
    of the mid-level trough over the western U.S., with a belt of
    stronger winds aloft overspreading the northern Plains. At the
    surface, there is reasonably good ensemble clustering in the
    location of a deepening lee cyclone over the northern High Plains,
    with a lee trough extending through the central into southern High
    Plains. While large-scale forcing for ascent remains somewhat
    nebulous, low-level convergence in the vicinity of the surface low
    and lee trough should be sufficient to initiate afternoon/evening
    thunderstorms within an environment favoring the potential for a
    concentrated area of severe weather.


    ...Day7-8/Wednesday and Thursday...

    The ensemble mean solutions suggest the main trough becoming
    quasi-stationary over the Interior West. There is considerably more
    spread in the deterministic models, especially by Thursday, in the
    location and geometry of the mid-level trough, as well as any
    smaller-scale disturbances embedded within it. At the surface, there
    is fairly large spread in ensemble member low pressure positions,
    and the location of any associated boundaries. In general, it
    appears that some severe-weather threat will continue across the
    northern Plains; however, confidence in a more specific details is
    currently too low to delineate an area.

    ..Mead.. 06/04/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 5 08:54:16 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 050854
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050852

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0352 AM CDT Fri Jun 05 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day4/Monday...

    Ensemble mean and deterministic model solutions are in generally
    good agreement in the progression of a lead short-wave trough into
    central Canada, ahead of an upstream trough evolving along the West
    Coast. That pattern evolution will result in rising mid-level
    heights across the northern and central High Plains. At the surface,
    a cold front initially from the ND-MN Red River Valley into central
    High Plains will weaken through the day in response to falling
    pressures over the Rockies.

    A reservoir of strong instability is forecast to the south of the
    decaying front across lower elevations of KS and OK into western MO.
    There is some model signal for early-day storms over NE to grow
    upscale into an MCS while moving through the Ozarks. Additional
    diurnally enhanced storms also appear possible across the central
    High Plains. The MCS scenario will be contingent on mesoscale
    processes not readily evident at this time, while the High Plains
    storms may be fairly isolated. As such, no area will be delineated.


    ...Day5/Tuesday...

    The ensemble mean solutions are in relatively good agreement in the
    continued amplification of the mid-level trough over the western
    U.S., with strengthening southwest flow aloft overspreading the
    northern High Plains. The deterministic models indicate a short-wave
    trough and associated mid-level jet streak moving from the trough
    base into the northern and central High Plains Tuesday night. At the
    surface, there is good ensemble clustering in a deepening lee
    cyclone over the northern High Plains, with that feature moving into
    the Dakotas by Wednesday morning. That cyclone will be attended by a
    cold or Pacific front moving out of the northern Rockies. The models
    suggest that ample instability will reside ahead of the surface low
    and frontal system, with the strengthening vertical shear
    contributing to the potential for an organized severe-weather
    episode over parts of the northern Plains Tuesday afternoon into
    night.


    ...Day6/Wednesday...

    The ensembles indicate the primary trough axis across the northern Intermountain Region into the Sierra Nevada or Great Basin with some
    indication at a lower amplitude disturbance moving through the
    northern Plains. That notion is generally supported by the
    deterministic models, which indicate a vorticity maximum and
    associated jet streak translating through the northern and central
    Plains, downstream from the primary trough axis. At the surface,
    ensemble member low pressure plots indicate the northern Plains
    surface low developing northeast into Manitoba with a trailing cold
    front pushing east through the northern and central Plains toward
    the upper MS Valley.

    Model guidance is suggestive that strong instability will coincide
    with more than sufficient vertical shear for supercells, with the
    overall pattern indicative of a regional severe-weather event across
    the eastern Dakotas into MN, and potentially into the mid MO Valley.



    ...Day 7/Thursday...

    The ensemble mean solutions indicate broad troughing from the
    Interior West into northern Plains. The deterministic solutions
    begin to vary more significantly in the trough configuration;
    however, all maintain strong mid-level flow from the central High
    Plains into upper MS Valley. At the surface, there is larger
    ensemble member spread in surface low position, though the general
    consensus suggests one cyclone in southern Manitoba or northwest
    Ontario and a secondary low over the central High Plains. Both lows
    would be connected by a southwest-to-northeast oriented boundary.

    There is some model indication that the strongest mid-level flow and
    forcing for ascent will remain displaced to the west/northwest of
    the effective warm sector. Given that uncertainty, no area will be
    included.


    ...Day8/Friday...

    The ensembles suggest that a low-amplitude disturbance will traverse
    the north-central U.S., with upstream troughing lingering across the
    Interior West. In contrast, a number of the deterministic models
    indicate a relatively deep, closed low moving through the northern
    Plains and upper MS Valley. In the low levels, there is considerable
    spread in the position of any surface lows and associated frontal
    systems, limiting confidence in the location of any severe-weather
    threat.

    ..Mead.. 06/05/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 6 08:45:24 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 060845
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060843

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0343 AM CDT Sat Jun 06 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day4/Tuesday...

    Latest model guidance remains in good agreement in depicting the
    progression of a short-wave trough and associated mid/upper-level
    jet streaks into the northern High Plains Tuesday afternoon and
    evening, with downstream height falls overspreading the Dakotas. At
    the surface, a lee cyclone over eastern MT Tuesday afternoon is
    expected to develop north-northeast through western ND, while a
    trailing cold front edges east into the western Dakotas.

    Steep low/mid-level lapse rates coupled with boundary-layer
    dewpoints in the 60s are expected to contribute to moderate to
    strong instability across the warm sector, supporting vigorous
    thunderstorm development by late afternoon into evening as the
    mid-level height falls overspread the region. Strengthening vertical
    shear with the arrival of the jet streaks will favor supercells
    capable of large to very large hail and severe wind gusts. Some
    tornado threat could materialize across central ND during the
    evening hours as low-level shear strengths in response to an
    intensifying low-level jet.


    ...Day5/Wednesday...

    The ensembles depict the elongation of a prominent, western U.S.
    trough into the northern Plains, with an associated jet extension
    stretching into the upper MS Valley. That notion is confirmed by the
    majority of deterministic models, which indicate a significant
    short-wave trough and associated mid/upper-level jets moving through
    the northern and central Plains. At the surface, there is good
    agreement between the deterministic models and ensemble member
    clustering that the primary surface low initially over central SD
    Wednesday morning will develop north-northeast through the ND-MN Red
    River Valley into southeast Manitoba, while a trailing cold front
    advances through the eastern Dakotas into the upper MS Valley, mid
    MO Valley, and central High Plains.

    Steep lapse rates and a very moist boundary layer will contribute to
    moderate to strong instability across the warm sector by mid
    afternoon, with initial thunderstorm development anticipated along
    the front from the eastern Dakotas into western MN. Subsequent storm
    initiation appears likely southwestward along the front through the
    mid MO Valley into the central Plains. While there is some model
    signal that the deep-layer shear vectors may only cross the surface
    frontal zone at a small angle, sufficient bulk shear magnitudes will
    exist to support supercells and bowing structures amidst potentially
    more complex/messy storm modes. All severe-weather hazards are
    possible, with that threat quickly spreading through the upper MS
    Valley into the upper Midwest Wednesday evening into night.

    Should subsequent model runs remain consistent with current trends,
    a 30% unconditional probability contour may be included in the next
    forecast update.


    ...Day 6/Thursday...

    Both the ensemble mean and deterministic models indicate the
    development of a prominent mid-level low over Manitoba or northwest
    Ontario, with a belt of unseasonably strong mid-level flow
    stretching from the northern or central Plains into the Great Lakes.
    At the surface, ensemble member clustering and the deterministic
    models indicate the primary low pressure over northwest Ontario with
    a trailing cold front stretching from the upper Midwest through the
    mid MS Valley into southern Plains.

    While mid-level lapse rates are forecast to be weaker than in
    previous days, the presence of a moist air mass will contribute to
    moderate instability by afternoon within the warm sector. Strong to
    potentially severe storms appear possible from the upper Midwest
    into Great Lakes southwest into the OH and mid MS Valleys during the
    afternoon and evening hours. The models suggest that the strongest
    deep-layer shear may lag the surface warm sector to the immediate
    west, which casts some uncertainty on the extent of the
    severe-weather threat. As such, no area will be delineated in this
    forecast.


    ...Days 7-8/Friday and Saturday...

    The ensemble mean solutions suggest a gradual deamplification of the north-central CONUS trough, with a belt of stronger mid-level flow
    stretching from the northern Plains through the Great Lakes. At the
    surface, there is considerable variability in the position of any
    relevant frontal systems that might focus strong to severe storm
    development.

    ..Mead.. 06/06/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 7 08:43:06 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 070843
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070841

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0341 AM CDT Sun Jun 07 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day4/Wednesday...

    A concentrated area of potentially significant severe weather is
    expected Wednesday afternoon and evening, centered across portions
    of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa.

    A number of the deterministic models have trended slightly faster
    with the progression of a lead short-wave trough and associated jet
    streak through the northern Plains into upper MS Valley. At the
    surface, low pressure initially over eastern SD is forecast to
    develop northeast along a cold front moving from the eastern Dakotas
    into MN. The trailing extension of the boundary is expected to move
    more slowly into the mid MO Valley before stalling in response to a
    deepening cyclone over the central High Plains.

    Steep lapse rates and a very moist boundary layer will contribute to
    moderate to strong instability across the warm sector, with initial
    storms potentially developing by early afternoon from the Red River
    Valley into central MN. Subsequent storms are likely to develop
    across southern MN into IA and northern MO by mid to late afternoon.
    The models indicate 40+ kt deep-layer shear across the warm sector,
    supportive of supercells and bowing structures, capable of all
    severe-weather hazards. The severe-weather threat is expected to
    spread east through the upper Midwest during the evening hours.


    ...Day 5/Thursday...

    Both the ensemble mean and deterministic models indicate the
    development of a prominent mid-level low over Manitoba or northwest
    Ontario, with a potent short-wave trough moving through the base of
    that feature from the upper MS Valley through the upper Great Lakes.
    A belt of unseasonably strong mid-level winds will attend the
    short-wave trough from the central Plains into upper Great Lakes. At
    the surface, ensemble member clustering and the deterministic models
    indicate the primary low pressure over Ontario, with some signal for
    a secondary cyclone/frontal wave developing from the mid MO Valley
    into upper Midwest during the day. The associated surface front is
    forecast to advance through the upper Midwest into upper Great
    Lakes, with the trailing extension of the boundary moving into the
    mid MS Valley and southern Plains.

    The presence of moderate to strong instability across the
    pre-frontal warm sector suggests the potential for severe storms
    from the upper Midwest into southern Plains. Within that broader
    envelope, a potentially more concentrated area of severe weather may materialize from parts of the upper Midwest into mid MS Valley
    during the afternoon and evening hours. There, the most favorable
    overlap of the forcing for ascent, sufficient vertical shear, and
    ample instability are expected to reside.


    ...Day 6/Friday...

    The ensembles and majority of deterministic models indicate the
    Day5/Thursday upper Great lakes short-wave trough will lift
    northeast into Ontario and Quebec. At the surface, the models
    suggest that a weakening cold front will advance into the Northeast
    and through the OH Valley. Some severe-weather threat could develop
    along the front by afternoon; however, the models suggest that the
    boundary will become increasingly displaced from the strongest
    mid-level winds and associated vertical shear. Isolated severe
    storms also appear possible in the vicinity of a deepening lee
    cyclone over the central High Plains.


    ...Days 7-8/Saturday and Sunday...

    The ensemble mean solutions indicate some potential for mid-level
    troughing to develop from the northern Rockies into northern Plains
    next weekend, which is supported by a number of the deterministic
    models. At the surface, there are indications that a frontal system
    may stretch from the upper Midwest or Great Lakes into central High
    Plains, where some severe-weather threat could develop.

    ..Mead.. 06/07/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 8 08:47:48 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 080847
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Mon Jun 08 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Thursday...

    An active period of severe weather is expected from the upper Great
    Lakes into Ozark Plateau, with the most concentrated and potentially
    most significant severe storms affecting parts of the Midwest.

    Within the base of an upper low centered over Manitoba and northwest
    Ontario, the models are in good agreement in depicting the
    progression of a potent short-wave trough and attending
    mid/upper-level jet streaks through the upper Midwest and upper
    Great Lakes. There is some model signal that a trailing perturbation
    on the immediate cyclonic side of the mid-level jet will overspread
    the mid MS Valley Thursday night.

    At the surface, a deepening surface low/frontal wave is expected to
    develop from central IA into the southern UP of MI during the day,
    along a cold front advancing through the upper Midwest and into the
    upper Great Lakes. The southwest extension of that boundary will
    progress southeast through the lower MO and Mid MS Valleys, while
    becoming quasi-stationary across the southern Plains. The specific
    boundary location across the Midwest may be modified to some extent
    from a thunderstorm complex moving through the area Wednesday
    night/early Thursday.

    A very moist air mass is expected to reside to the south of the
    surface front, which coupled with modestly steep mid-level lapse
    rates is expected to yield moderate to strong instability. The
    presence of a 50-70 kt mid-level jet streak attending the short-wave
    trough will result in relatively strong deep-layer shear along the
    frontal zone, with vector orientation becoming increasingly parallel
    to the boundary with southward extent. The overall pattern appears
    supportive of an organized severe-weather episode from the upper
    Great Lakes into mid MS Valley. There is some model signal that a
    corridor of enhanced tornado potential could develop along and south
    of the surface low track from eastern IA and northern IL into
    central and southern WI. That potential scenario will be dictated by
    the location of the effective surface boundary.

    Additional, more isolated severe storms appear possible across parts
    of the Northeast.


    ...Day 5/Friday...

    A number of the 00z models progress a lower-latitude short-wave
    trough through the upper OH Valley and lower Great Lakes, which is a
    departure from previous model runs. That scenario would increase
    severe-weather potential across those areas into New England, and
    perhaps the Mid-Atlantic, given the potential for a moderately
    unstable air mass across the pre-frontal warm sector. Should
    subsequent model runs remain consistent with this recent trend, an unconditional 15% probability contour may be needed in the next
    forecast update.

    Elsewhere, Isolated severe storms appear possible across portions of
    the southern High Plains.


    ...Day 6/Saturday...

    The ensemble mean solutions are in good agreement in depicting a mid/upper-level low over Hudson Bay with a belt of strong mid-level
    flow extending from slight troughing over the northern High Plains
    into the Great Lakes and Northeast. There is more spread across the deterministic models with respect to the longitudinal position of
    that trough, and the position of the associated frontal system. In
    general, it appears some severe weather threat could materialize
    across the central Plains. However, confidence in that scenario is
    low.


    ...Days 7 and 8/Sunday and Monday...

    The ensembles indicate a gradual amplification of the large-scale
    pattern, featuring troughing from Hudson Bay into the MS Valley, and
    upstream ridging across western Canada and the Pacific Northwest.
    The location of any relevant surface frontal systems remains highly
    uncertain, as does the location(s) of any severe-weather threat.

    ..Mead.. 06/08/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 9 08:41:02 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 090841
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090838

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0338 AM CDT Tue Jun 09 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Friday...

    The last several deterministic model runs have consistently shown
    the progression of a short-wave trough and associated 50 kt jet
    streak from the OH Valley into the St. Lawrence Valley, with
    meaningful height falls as far south as the Mid-Atlantic. At the
    surface, the northern portion of a cold front initially from
    southwest Ontario to near the confluence of the MS and OH Rivers and
    into the southern Plains will progress southeast and eventually
    merge with a trough stretching from southern New England to the
    Carolina Piedmont. Ahead of the front, boundary-layer dewpoints in
    the 60s to low/mid 70s will combine with modestly steep mid-level
    lapse rates, especially across the lower Great lakes, to yield a
    moderately unstable air mass by afternoon.

    Initial storms are anticipated across the lower Great Lakes into
    upper OH Valley by early afternoon, with activity advancing east
    toward the Hudson Valley, and southeast into the central
    Appalachians and Mid-Atlantic through the remainder of the afternoon
    into evening. The strongest vertical shear is forecast from the
    lower OH Valley to the lee of the lower Great Lakes, where organized
    storm modes capable of damaging winds and large hail appear most
    probable.

    Elsewhere, a more isolated severe-weather threat may materialize
    within a low-level upslope regime in eastern NM.


    ...Day 5/Saturday...

    The models are in generally good agreement in depicting a
    mid/upper-level low over Ontario, and a positively tilted trough
    from the northern Plains into the northern Rockies. A belt of
    enhanced, westerly winds in the mid levels will reside to the south
    of those features, from the northern and central Plains through the
    Great Lakes. At the surface, the various ensemble members
    consistently show the clustering of low centers over the central
    High Plains with an associated surface front extending into the
    upper Great Lakes.

    Moderate to strong instability is forecast ahead of the surface
    front from the central Plains into upper Great Lakes with more than
    sufficient deep-layer to support higher-order storm modes. Highest
    confidence in storm development Saturday afternoon and evening is
    across the central Plains into mid/lower MO Valley from the vicinity
    of the surface low northeast along the surface front.

    Other more isolated severe storms appear possible along a weakening
    front in the Carolinas.


    ...Day 6/Sunday...

    The ensemble mean solutions depict lowering mid-level heights from
    the central Plains into Great Lakes and OH Valley, in conjunction
    with the gradual amplification of a long-wave trough located east of
    the North American Rockies. More specifically, a number of the
    deterministic models suggest a short-wave trough moving from the
    northern into central Rockies, with another potentially more intense
    mid-level system moving through the Northeast. An associated
    surface front preceding both features may serve as the focus for
    some severe-weather threat from the Northeast through the OH Valley
    into the Southern Plains. However, there is considerable uncertainty
    in finer-scale details, so no area will be highlighted.


    ...Days 7-8/Monday and Tuesday...

    Further amplification of the long-wave trough is forecast with an
    associated belt of mid-level flow extending from the central Plains
    through the mid MS Valley into New England and the Mid-Atlantic.
    Despite growing spread across the deterministic models, there is a
    modest signal that the Day 6/Sunday central Rockies short-wave
    trough will progress through the central Plains into mid MS Valley.
    Some severe-weather threat could develop ahead of that disturbance
    in the vicinity of the surface frontal system, should that scenario
    unfold as advertised.

    ..Mead.. 06/09/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 10 08:28:20 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 100828
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100826

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0326 AM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Saturday...

    The models are in generally good agreement in depicting a prominent, mid/upper-level low over Ontario with a secondary, weaker low or
    short-wave trough across the northern Rockies. A belt of enhanced,
    westerly winds in the mid levels will reside to the south of those
    features from the northern Plains through the Great Lakes. At the
    surface, an area of low pressure is forecast across the central
    Plains with an associated front extending northeast into the upper
    Great Lakes.

    A strongly unstable air mass is forecast ahead of the front across
    portions of the mid/lower MO Valley into Ozark Plateau with
    instability decreasing with northeastward extent into the upper
    Great Lakes. The models indicate sufficiently strong deep-layer
    shear across the frontal zone to support organized storm modes,
    including supercells. Highest confidence in greater storm coverage
    and an associated severe-weather threat remains centered on the
    mid/lower MO Valleys. Severe-weather probabilities may need to be
    extended into the upper Great Lakes in subsequent outlooks.


    ...Day 5/Sunday...

    A number of the deterministic models indicate a short-wave trough
    and associated jet streak moving through the Great Lakes into
    Northeast, within the base of the Ontario upper low. Farther west,
    the northern Rockies short-wave trough will advance toward the
    central Rockies. At the surface, a cold front associated with the
    former disturbance mentioned above will progress through the
    Northeast and OH Valley, with the western extension of the boundary
    stalling across the southern Plains.

    The models indicate a narrow axis of modest instability developing
    by afternoon ahead of the front from the northern New England to the
    upper OH Valley, where the strongest vertical shear is forecast.
    Some severe weather appears possible in those areas; however, the
    limited extent of the warm sector leads to uncertainty in the
    coverage and duration of any threat.

    Greater instability and a wider warm sector are forecast with
    southwestward extent from the OH River and TN Valley into southern
    Plains. Generally weak vertical shear is forecast across the frontal
    zone, which should limit the degree of storm organization. A
    possible exception is across the southern and central High Plains,
    where an easterly low-level wind component will boost deep-layer
    shear to some extent. Model trends will be monitored for the
    possible inclusion of severe-weather probabilities in that area.


    ...Day 6/Monday...

    The deterministic models are in reasonably good agreement in
    amplifying the aforementioned short-wave trough over the central
    Plains with an associated belt of enhanced mid-level flow extending
    through the OH Valley into Northeast. At the surface, there is some
    signal that an area of low pressure could develop along a front
    across the southern Plains into Ozark Plateau. Some severe-weather
    threat appears possible in that area, as well as along the front
    that is expected to stretch east through the TN Valley into the
    Carolinas. Predictability in the specific details are too low to
    include an area.


    ...Days 7-8/Tuesday and Wednesday...

    The ensemble mean solutions are in relatively good agreement in
    suggesting the central Plains short-wave trough will become absorbed
    into broader-scale trough amplification east of the MS Valley. At
    the surface, it appears that a frontal wave will move from the TN
    Valley toward the Mid-Atlantic coast, while a trailing cold front
    advances into the Gulf Coast states. While areas of severe weather
    are possible during this time frame, predictability in their
    location is low.

    ..Mead.. 06/10/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 11 08:54:06 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 110854
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110852

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0352 AM CDT Thu Jun 11 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Sunday...

    The 00z models have trended toward a much stronger short-wave trough
    and associated mid-level jet, which will progress from the Great
    Lakes and OH Valley into the Northeast. Elsewhere, a short-wave
    trough is forecast to move from the northern Rockies into the
    central Plains. At the surface, a cold front attendant to the
    Northeast short-wave trough will move through that region with the
    trailing extension of the boundary pushing south through the OH and
    TN Valleys into the Gulf Coast states.

    A much stronger low-level jet is now forecast ahead of the cold
    front across the Northeast, which will aid in greater air mass
    destabilization than indicated in previous model runs. When coupled
    with notably stronger vertical shear, the setup appears favorable
    for organized severe storms across the Mid-Atlantic, potentially
    into southern New England Sunday afternoon and evening.


    ...Day 5/Monday...

    The models suggest the Sunday/central Plains short-wave trough will
    progress through the mid MS into OH Valleys with an associated belt
    of enhanced mid-level flow stretching from the central Plains into Mid-Atlantic. At the surface, there is good model agreement that the
    primary synoptic front and associated warm sector will lie across TX
    and the Gulf Coast states, to the south of the stronger mid-level
    winds and forcing for ascent. Some severe-weather threat may develop
    along and south of the front; however, the marginal vertical shear
    is expected to limit the overall severe-weather threat.

    Slightly stronger vertical shear is forecast across the central and
    southern High Plains, due to an easterly upslope regime in the
    low-levels. While the potential for more organized storms will exist
    in that region, severe-weather coverage may only be isolated.


    ...Day 6/Tuesday...

    The ensemble mean and deterministic models are suggestive that a
    mid-level disturbance will track from the central Plains into the
    lower OH and TN Valleys, contributing to overall amplification of
    the long-wave trough in place east of the Rockies. The primary
    surface front is expected to remain in place across the Gulf Coast
    states, to the immediate south of the stronger forcing for ascent
    and mid-level flow. While isolated occurrences of severe weather
    appear possible from the southern High Plains into Southeast, the
    potential for an organized severe-weather event remains in question.



    ...Days 7-8/Wednesday and Thursday...

    The ensemble means indicate the progression of a strong mid-level
    jet streak into the northern and central Plains Wednesday with that
    feature moving through the OH Valley into Mid-Atlantic Thursday. At
    the surface, the ensemble member low positions indicate clustering
    across the northern Plains and upper MS Valley Wednesday, and across
    the Great Lakes into Ontario on Thursday. The rapid poleward return
    of a moist and unstable air mass is expected to occur ahead of the
    surface low and associated frontal system. As such, some severe
    weather appears possible across parts of the Midwest Wednesday, and
    perhaps OH Valley into Mid-Atlantic Thursday.

    ..Mead.. 06/11/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 12 07:38:12 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 120738
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120736

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0236 AM CDT Fri Jun 12 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Days 4-5/Mon-Tue...

    A surface front will remain across south TX and the Gulf Coast
    vicinity while broad upper troughing persists east of the Rockies.
    As a result, severe potential is expected to remain limited as any
    deep Gulf moisture and stronger instability will remain well removed
    from any stronger mid/upper flow associated with the upper trough.

    ...Days 6-7/Wed-Thu - Southern Plains to Midwest...

    A mid/upper shortwave trough will move from the northern Rockies to
    the MS Valley on Wednesday, and the OH Valley to the Northeast on
    Thursday. Deepening surface low pressure will shift from the central
    Plains to the Northeast and southwesterly deep-layer flow increases.
    This will result in northward transport of Gulf moisture into the Plains/Midwest on Wednesday, and the Northeast by Thursday. This
    could result in increasing severe potential for portions of these
    regions. Currently, capping across the Plains my limit storm
    coverage across that region on Wednesday. Furthermore, timing of
    greater moisture return across the Midwest ahead of a surface cold
    front is uncertain. Severe probabilities may be needed eventually,
    but uncertainty remains too high to introduce unconditional
    probabilities at this time.

    ...Day 8/Fri...

    Upper ridging is expected to develop over the Rockies into the
    Plains by the end of the forecast period. Meanwhile, upper troughing
    will pivot northeast across New England. Some guidance suggests a
    shortwave impulse could eject from the Rockies into the central
    Plains within the broader scale upper ridging. This could support
    some severe potential, but overall predictability is low given large
    model spread.

    ..Leitman.. 06/12/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 13 07:55:48 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 130755
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130753

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0253 AM CDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Days 5-6/Wed-Thu -- Lower MO/Mid-MS Valley to Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic...

    An upper trough is forecast to deepen over the Upper Midwest/Great
    Lakes on Wednesday. As this occurs, an intensifying 500 mb jet
    streak will develop across the central Plains and increase to 80-100
    kt as it moves into the Mid-MS Valley Wednesday night, and spreads
    eastward across the Ohio Valley and Northeast on Thursday.

    At the surface, low pressure will develop over the northern/central
    Plains late Tuesday night into early Wednesday. As this occurs,
    increasing southerly low-level flow will quickly transport rich Gulf
    moisture northward into the Lower MO/Mid-MS Valley by Wednesday
    afternoon as the surface low moves across IA and a trailing cold
    front moves eastward in tandem with the low across portions of the
    central Plains and Mid-MS Valley. Strong to extreme instability is
    forecast across the strongly sheared warm sector. An all-hazards
    severe thunderstorm event appears likely. An intense southwesterly
    low-level jet is expected to develop during the evening. This could
    support upscale growth into an MCS moving across portions of the
    Midwest Wednesday night, posing a risk for swaths of damaging winds.

    This system will spread east on Thursday across parts of the Ohio
    Valley into the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast. A continued risk for all
    severe hazards, and possible MCS with damaging winds, will persist
    as the mid/upper jet streak is forecast to remain quite strong as it overspreads a seasonally moist airmass.

    While some timing differences of aforementioned features is evident
    in various NWP guidance, overall medium range consensus and mean
    calibrated ML/AI guidance suggests a multi-day severe episode is
    likely as this system overspreads portions of the Midwest to the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast, though the 15 percent risk areas may shift
    in the coming days as details become better resolved, and higher
    probabilities are possible in subsequent outlooks. The southern
    extent of severe potential is more uncertain across parts of the
    Plains toward the TN Valley as these areas will remain further
    removed from stronger flow aloft.

    ..Leitman.. 06/13/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 14 07:46:14 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 140746
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140744

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0244 AM CDT Sun Jun 14 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Wednesday -- Mid-MS and Ohio Valley vicinity...

    An upper shortwave trough is forecast to deepen as it moves across
    the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes on Wednesday. As this occurs, an
    intense jet streak (especially by June standards) is forecast to
    overspread portions of the Midwest. The ECMWF and GFS suite of
    forecast guidance still is indicating a 500 mb jet streak greater
    than 80 kt overspreading the region by evening. Furthermore, low and
    midlevel flow will also be quite strong, with a daytime 850 mb
    low-level jet around 40-50 kt by mid/late afternoon.

    At the surface, low pressure will deepen and move across the Upper
    MS Valley and Lower MI through the period. A warm front is forecast
    to move rapidly northward across IL and portions of the OH Valley
    through 00z. Meanwhile, a trailing cold front will develop eastward
    across the region through the period. The warm sector will be
    characterized by dewpoints in the mid 60s to low 70s, and areas of
    strong destabilization are expected. While details concerning
    convective evolution remain uncertain, the overall environment will
    support supercells with upscale development into a bowing MCS
    possible by evening as the low-level jet continues to increase and
    spread east/northeast across the region. All severe hazards appear
    likely, with the greatest risk likely emerging across portions of
    the Lower MO/Mid-MS Valley where significant severe storms are
    expected. Some severe risk will likely persist into the nighttime
    hours across parts of the Ohio Valley given intense deep-layer flow
    and sufficient instability.

    Some details will likely change in subsequent outlooks as the track
    of the surface low and orientation of the mid/upper level jet streak
    atop the develop surface warm sector become better resolved closer
    to the event. The risk areas may shift some as these details become
    clearer.

    ...Day 5/Thursday -- Ohio Valley to Mid-Atlantic...

    An upper shortwave trough will pivot across the Lower Great
    Lakes/Northeast on Thursday, with a strong southwesterly jet streak
    forecast to overspread parts of the Ohio Valley into New England.
    The jet streak may tend to become increasing displaced from better
    low-level moisture/thermodynamic with time and eastward extent
    through the period. Nevertheless, a moist and unstable airmass is
    expected ahead of an eastward-advancing cold front and a severe risk
    should unfold across parts of the Ohio Valley to the Mid-Atlantic.
    Northward extent of the severe risk is uncertain as early period
    convection and widespread rainfall may hinder destabilization. The
    best overlap of favorable vertical shear and instability is
    delineated by the 15 percent probabilities from OH/KY into the
    Mid-Atlantic, where damaging wind potential is likely to be the main
    concern.

    ...Days 6-8/Friday-Sunday...

    Large spread among medium range guidance during the end of the
    forecast period leads to low predictability. The surface front from
    Day 4/5 will likely stall across the southern U.S. and periods of
    heavy rain will be possible across the Southeast. Late in the
    period, some signal for moisture return and a deepening lee low over
    the Plains could bring some increasing severe risk, but details
    remain uncertain.

    ..Leitman.. 06/14/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 15 07:59:56 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 150759
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150757

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 AM CDT Mon Jun 15 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Thursday -- Mid-Atlantic/Northeast...

    Strong mid/upper level westerly flow will overspread portions of the
    Ohio Valley into the Northeast as a shortwave trough pivots across Quebec/Ontario and the Northeast U.S. on Thursday. Quite a bit of
    uncertainty exists regarding severe potential. Early day convection
    and cloud cover may limited destabilization from the Upper Ohio
    Valley into parts of the southern Mid-Atlantic and northeast.
    Additionally, stronger mid/upper level flow will become increasingly
    displaced to the north from richer boundary-layer moisture and
    stronger instability. Nevertheless, sufficient overlap of strong
    flow atop a moist airmass should occur from southern Ohio/eastern KY
    into the Mid-Atlantic, supporting a risk for severe thunderstorms on
    Thursday. This area will likely shift some in the coming days as
    mesoscale details become better resolved.

    ...Days 5-8/Friday-Monday...

    A surface front will sag southward across the Gulf Coast states,
    with surface high pressure centered over the Mid-South vicinity on
    Friday. This should suppress the overall severe risk as richer
    boundary layer moisture remains confined to TX and the Gulf Coast.
    On Saturday, northward transport of Gulf moisture across the Plains
    is expected beneath a building upper ridge. By Sunday, an upper
    trough over the West may eject eastward into the Plains, resulting
    in some return of severe thunderstorm potential this weekend, though
    spread among forecast guidance is quite large and predictability is
    low late in the forecast period.

    ..Leitman.. 06/15/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 16 07:55:32 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 160755
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160753

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0253 AM CDT Tue Jun 16 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Fri - Carolinas...

    A very moist airmass will be in place across the Carolinas vicinity
    on Friday. Medium range guidance varies in the evolution of a
    surface front across the region. However, widespread convection is
    likely to be ongoing Friday morning somewhere across the Southeast.
    This will likely temper downstream destabilization and severe
    potential is uncertain.

    ...Day 5/Sat - Central Plains...

    Upper ridging over the Plains will break down on Saturday as an
    upper shortwave impulse ejects from the central Rockies toward the
    Mid-MO Valley. At the same time, lee surface low development over
    the central High Plains will strengthen south/southeasterly
    low-level flow and rich Gulf moisture will quickly stream northward
    across portions of KS/NE. Moderate to strong destabilization amid
    strengthening west/northwesterly flow aloft will support severe
    thunderstorm development from late afternoon into the overnight
    hours.

    ...Days 6-8/Sun-Tue...

    Spread among forecast guidance increases late in the forecast
    period. However, the general consensus is for weakening flow aloft
    and upper ridging building across the western U.S. Overall,
    predictability is low for early next week.

    ..Leitman.. 06/16/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 17 07:23:12 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 170723
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170721

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Wed Jun 17 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Saturday - Central Plains...

    A mid/upper trough ejecting across the central Rockies into the
    Plains will break down the upper ridge centered over the Plains on
    Saturday. This will result in some enhancement of mid/upper level west/northwesterly flow. Surface lee troughing will extend from
    eastern WY through eastern CO, and increasing south/southeasterly
    low-level flow will transport 60s F dewpoints northward into NE and
    far southwest SD. Increasing boundary layer moisture and steepening
    midlevel lapse rates will support moderate destabilization by late
    afternoon and evening. Thunderstorms are expected to develop by
    21-00z and migrate southeast, posing a severe risk across portions
    of the central Plains.

    ...Day 5/Sunday - OK/KS into the Mid-MS Valley...

    Medium range guidance varies considerably regarding evolution of a
    modest midlevel shortwave trough and associated surface low and cold
    front on Sunday. It is possible that an MCS related to Day
    4/Saturday convection could be ongoing Sunday morning somewhere near
    the Mid-MO Valley. Depending on how surface feature evolve, a severe
    risk could develop across parts of eastern OK/KS into the Mid-MS
    Valley given a seasonally moist/unstable airmass and at least some
    enhancement of deep-layer flow from the mid/upper shortwave trough.
    However, placement of the surface low Sunday morning varies by a few
    hundred miles between the ECMWF and GFS deterministic members. The
    AIGFS is more similar to the ECMWF, but details remain quite
    different. This precludes a 15 percent delineation at this time, but probabilities may be needed at some point somewhere from OK/KS into
    the Mid-MS Valley/Mid-South regions.

    ...Days 6-8/Monday-Wednesday...

    A more June-like pattern appears to evolve through mid-week with
    weaker deep-layer flow expected amid weak troughing in the East and
    upper ridging across the West. Some severe thunderstorm potential
    could develop across the Plains as low-level moisture spreads
    northward beneath modest northwesterly flow aloft. However,
    predictability is low given a lack of stronger large-scale ascent.
    Daily thunderstorm chances will be driven by mesoscale processes not
    well resolved at longer time scale.

    ..Leitman.. 06/17/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 18 07:04:48 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 180704
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180703

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CDT Thu Jun 18 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Day 4/Sunday - Mid-MS Valley vicinity...

    A weak mid/upper shortwave trough over the Mid-MO Valley Sunday
    morning across the Mid-MS and lower OH Valley regions through the
    period. A surface low over the central Plains will spread east in
    tandem with the upper system, though the latitude at which this
    occurs is uncertain. Furthermore, an ongoing MCS could be located
    somewhere across eastern NE/KS and the adjacent MO Valley Sunday
    morning. How this convection evolves through the day is also
    uncertain. Nevertheless, rich boundary layer moisture will be in
    place across the Lower MO/Mid-MS Valley, with moderate to strong destabilization likely to the south of a surface boundary oriented
    northwest to southeast across portions of the Mid-MS/Lower OH
    Valleys. Some where risk appears likely, either from reinvigorated
    morning convection, or from new storm development along outflow.
    Given uncertainty into placement of key features, will hold off on
    introducing 15 percent probabilities at this time, but areas will
    likely be needed in subsequent outlooks.

    ...Days 5-8/Monday-Thursday - Plains to the Midwest and Southeast...

    Modest west to northwesterly flow aloft will persist east of the
    Rockies through much of the forecast period. Organized severe
    potential is uncertain due to a lack of notable large scale forcing.
    While some severe risk is likely each day, this risk will be driven
    by mesoscale processes and convective evolution each day. Overall predictability is low through most of next week.

    ..Leitman.. 06/18/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 19 08:17:54 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 190817
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190815

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0315 AM CDT Fri Jun 19 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe weather is possible along a frontal zone from the
    Mid-Atlantic to the southern Plains on Monday. The specific areas of
    threat will be defined by the locations of individual shortwave
    troughs embedded within the broader cyclonic flow. These small-scale
    features lack consensus at the Day 4 timeframe which precludes 15%
    severe weather probabilities at this time.

    By Day 5/Tuesday, some severe weather threat is possible across
    portions of the central High Plains. There is decent model agreement
    showing moderate northwest flow aloft across eastern Colorado and
    vicinity on the eastern periphery of a western CONUS ridge. However,
    there is considerable spread in moisture return among the guidance.
    Should adequate moisture advect into the region, a northwest flow
    severe weather event is possible in the eastern Colorado vicinity.
    This will need to be monitored.

    Day 6 and beyond, model spread increases which limits
    predictability. Most guidance shows moderate northwesterly flow
    across portions of the Plains, which would suggest continued severe
    weather episodes during the extended period. However, specific days
    and locations cannot be highlighted at this time due to
    aforementioned predictability challenges.

    ..Bentley.. 06/19/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 20 08:32:30 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 200832
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200830

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0330 AM CDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An extended period of moderate northwesterly flow across the High
    Plains will lead to severe weather potential across the central High
    Plains. Upslope flow amid 30 to 50 knots mid-level winds should
    result in a severe weather environment, potentially on Tuesday, and particularly Wednesday and Thursday. The front will shift based on
    small-scale embedded shortwave disturbances and the prior day's
    convection, which will shift the location of the unstable warm
    sector. This results in uncertainty regarding the location of the
    threat for each day. This will continue to be monitored for
    potential areas to be added later.

    Ridging will slide east across the Rockies and into the Plains by
    next weekend. Some severe weather threat may exist through this time
    as multiple embedded shortwave troughs will be within this region as instability increases across the Plains.

    While it is mostly beyond Day 8, it is worth nothing that
    deterministic, ensemble, and AI guidance all indicate a strong jet
    streak and mid-level trough traversing the Rockies toward the end of
    next weekend and into early next week. A strong lee cyclone would
    accompany this with strong instability across the Plains. There is
    still uncertainty with the timing and location of the trough, but
    given the agreement in this general pattern change, a substantial
    severe weather threat seems possible by the end of next weekend and
    early into the following week across portions of the
    central/northern Plains into the Upper Midwest.

    ..Bentley.. 06/20/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 20 16:07:32 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 201607
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 201605

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1105 AM CDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    CORRECTED FOR TYPO

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An extended period of moderate northwesterly flow across the High
    Plains will lead to severe weather potential across the central High
    Plains. Upslope flow amid 30 to 50 knots mid-level winds should
    result in a severe weather environment, potentially on Tuesday, and particularly Wednesday and Thursday. The front will shift based on
    small-scale embedded shortwave disturbances and the prior day's
    convection, which will shift the location of the unstable warm
    sector. This results in uncertainty regarding the location of the
    threat for each day. This will continue to be monitored for
    potential areas to be added later.

    Ridging will slide east across the Rockies and into the Plains by
    next weekend. Some severe weather threat may exist through this time
    as multiple embedded shortwave troughs will be within this region as instability increases across the Plains.

    While it is mostly beyond Day 8, it is worth noting that
    deterministic, ensemble, and AI guidance all indicate a strong jet
    streak and mid-level trough traversing the Rockies toward the end of
    next weekend and into early next week. A strong lee cyclone would
    accompany this with strong instability across the Plains. There is
    still uncertainty with the timing and location of the trough, but
    given the agreement in this general pattern change, a substantial
    severe weather threat seems possible by the end of next weekend and
    early into the following week across portions of the
    central/northern Plains into the Upper Midwest.

    ..Bentley.. 06/20/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 21 08:13:40 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 210813
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210811

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0311 AM CDT Sun Jun 21 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Wednesday and D5/Thursday - Central High Plains...
    As high pressure builds into the central/northern Plains on
    Wednesday and Thursday, upslope flow will remain persistent across
    eastern Colorado and eastern Wyoming. Moderate to strong instability
    is expected in this area with 40 to 50 knots of west-northwesterly
    flow aloft. This should result in a favorable upslope regime capable
    of supercells. A relatively narrow unstable corridor should keep the
    most favorable severe threat somewhat confined to the higher
    elevation prairies where instability and upslope flow will be
    maximized.

    Friday and Saturday, ridging is forecast to translate east across
    the Plains, which may lead to a relative lull in severe weather
    threat. However, by Sunday and into early next week, there is a
    strong signal for troughing and moderate to strong mid-level flow
    across the northern Plains and into the Upper Midwest. Several days
    of substantial severe weather are possible during this period.
    However, at this time, the timing and amplitude of these features
    make it challenging to highlight specific areas. As the evolution of
    this mid-level pattern becomes more clear, severe weather
    probabilities may be added in later outlooks.

    ..Bentley.. 06/21/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 22 08:56:50 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 220856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Thursday - Central/Northern High Plains...
    Upslope flow will strengthen across the central/northern High Plains
    on Thursday as a surface low deepens across the southern High
    Plains. This, combined with a passing mid-level jet streak and
    shortwave trough, should result in scattered storm development
    across the High Plains. The most likely corridor will exist from
    northern Colorado into eastern Wyoming and far southwestern South
    Dakota where the stronger mid-level flow/forcing overspreads the
    unstable warm sector.

    Beyond Day 4 there will likely be multiple days with eventual severe
    weather probabilities given the amplifying trough across the
    Northwest and moderate mid-level flow overspreading the northern
    Plains where instability will also be quite strong. However, at this
    time, there is considerable uncertainty with the timing/location of
    each of the mid-level shortwave troughs, and for when the core of
    the jet streak associated with the Northwest CONUS low ejects into
    the Plains.

    Due to these uncertainties, no probabilities have been added beyond
    Day 4, but eventual probabilities are anticipated in later outlooks.

    ..Bentley.. 06/22/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 23 08:48:58 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 230848
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230847

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0347 AM CDT Tue Jun 23 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D5/Saturday - Northern Plains...
    A strong mid-level trough will move into the Northwest on Saturday
    with strong mid-level flow extending around the base of this trough.
    The leading edge of this stronger mid-level flow will emerge over
    the northern Plains on Saturday with a lee cyclone forecast near the
    MT/SD/WY border. Moderate to strong instability is forecast to
    develop as mid to upper 60s dewpoints advect northward. Strong to
    severe storms appear likely during the afternoon and evening as the
    lead shortwave trough emerges and the low-level jet strengthens.
    There is still some uncertainty with the location/timing of the lead
    shortwave trough which may require some shifting of the
    probabilities at a later time. However, confidence in severe weather
    in the general region is high enough to add 15 percent
    probabilities.

    ...D6/Sunday - Northern Plains Vicinity...
    On Sunday, as the primary jet streak emerges across the northern
    Plains, severe weather will also be possible across North Dakota and
    vicinity. However, the evolution of the upper trough/jet streak is a
    bit more uncertain and therefore, the area with this greater concern
    is less clear. Eventual severe weather probabilities seem likely,
    but will not be added until guidance comes into better agreement
    regarding the upper-level pattern.

    ...D7/Monday - Upper Midwest...
    As the mid-level trough shifts east on Monday, the stronger
    mid-level flow may overspread an unstable warm sector across parts
    of the Upper Midwest. Considerable uncertainty regarding the upper
    trough evolution and position of the surface features preclude
    inclusion of probabilities at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 06/23/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 24 08:44:10 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 240844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Wed Jun 24 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Saturday - Northern Plains...
    A strong trough will advance into the Northwest CONUS on Saturday
    with a strong mid-level jet extending from the Great Basin to the
    northern Plains. A lee cyclone will develop across eastern Wyoming
    into western South Dakota. Southerly flow will strengthen and advect
    low to mid 60s dewpoints northward. This will lead to strong
    instability by the late afternoon across the western Dakotas. There
    is still some uncertainty with the evolution of the upper-level
    trough which will have some impact in the timing and location of the
    severe weather threat on Saturday. At this time, have confined the
    15% area to where the greatest severe weather threat appears likely
    Saturday afternoon/evening, but this area may need to be refined in
    future outlooks.

    ...Day 5 and Beyond...
    Severe weather will be possible across portions of the Northern
    Plains into the Upper Midwest Sunday and into next week. However, predictability remains too low to highlight areas in this timeframe.
    The presence of strong to very strong instability across a large
    region with multiple shortwave troughs emerging from the primary
    trough centered over the West will surely support severe weather
    potential most days. However, probabilities for specific areas
    cannot be added until the upper-level pattern becomes more clear.

    ..Bentley.. 06/24/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 25 08:11:14 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 250811
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250809

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0309 AM CDT Thu Jun 25 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Sun - Northern Plains...
    A strong mid-level jet streak is expected to round the base of the
    western CONUS trough on Sunday and emerge across the northern
    Plains. As this occurs, the lee cyclone across eastern Colorado will
    deepen further and move northward into the northern Plains by 12Z
    Monday. Continued northward moisture transport will result in strong
    to very strong instability ahead of the surface low across the
    northern Plains. Forecast soundings show a very favorable
    environment and an uncapped airmass by evening. Forecast specifics
    remain nebulous as individual shortwave troughs will impact the
    timing and coverage of storms, but severe storms are possible at
    some point Sunday afternoon to Sunday night across eastern North
    Dakota and into northwest Minnesota.

    ...D5/Mon - Upper Midwest...
    The primary shortwave trough and associated mid-level jet streak is
    forecast to shift northeastward across the northern Plains and
    toward the Upper Midwest on Monday. This will occur atop a very
    unstable airmass across a broad area of the Upper Midwest. Severe
    storms are possible, but the exact magnitude and extent of the
    threat will become more clear once individual shortwave troughs
    associated with this upper trough become better sampled.

    Beyond Day 5, the upper-level pattern becomes a bit more uncertain.
    Overall, a general pattern with a trough persisting over the
    Northwest or northern Rockies and a ridge over the Plains or Midwest
    seems most likely. However, the differences in amplitude and
    location of these features limit predictability. Within this broader
    pattern, severe weather will be most likely from the northern
    Rockies to the northern Plains and also potentially on the eastern
    periphery of the upper ridge across the Northeast. At this time,
    predictability is too low to add any probability areas.

    ..Bentley.. 06/25/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 26 08:58:52 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 260858
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Fri Jun 26 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough centered within the Intermountain West will
    continue pivoting northeast through the northern Plains on Monday.
    This feature will be fairly meridional in character. The strongest
    height falls are likely to occur after 00Z within North Dakota. To
    the east, an amplified upper ridge will be in place. Moisture
    advection will continue in the upper Mississippi Valley given the
    southerly low levels winds. Strong to extreme buoyancy is expected
    to develop as a result. While this pattern does suggest potential
    for severe weather, there is still uncertainty as to where the most
    favorable environment will be given the influence of convection that
    could occur late on Sunday night into early Monday morning. The 15%
    area has been maintained this cycle given the potential for a an MCS
    to develop, but modification seems likely in the coming days given
    the mesoscale details that will play a large role in where severe
    weather ultimately occurs.

    From Tuesday onward, the strongest mid-level flow will shift into
    Canada as the western upper trough becomes more broad. A large
    reservoir of strong to extreme buoyancy is still forecast to be in
    place underneath the ridge. While areas of severe weather are
    possible, they will be highly tied to mesoscale features as larger
    scale features will become more nebulous and deep-layer shear will
    weaken through the remainder of the period. As a result,
    predictability is reduced.

    ..Wendt.. 06/26/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 27 08:59:34 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 270859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Sat Jun 27 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The upper-level pattern from the middle of the new week onward will
    be relatively stagnant. The upper ridge in the East will remain
    entrenched while broad cyclonic flow will persist in the West before potentially breaking down by the weekend. This will drive a belt of
    weak to moderate mid-level southwesterlies across the
    central/northern Plains. Repeated lee trough development along with
    the surface high in the East will maintain rich moisture across
    parts of the Plains and especially the Midwest/Southeast. With
    large-scale features generally being weak, convective development
    will largely be reliant on terrain features, subtle shortwave
    troughs, or surface boundaries. With this pattern, at least low
    severe potential will exist within the northern Plains into the
    Upper Midwest into next weekend. Predictability will remain low,
    however, as large-scale features will be weaker and the influence of
    prior convection will increase with each successive day.

    ..Wendt.. 06/27/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 28 08:48:42 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 280848
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280846

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0346 AM CDT Sun Jun 28 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Relatively little change is expected in the upper-level pattern from
    mid to late this week. A broad trough in the West will bring
    southwesterly flow across the Rockies and parts of the Plains. In
    the East, an upper ridge will persist. During the weekend, models
    are in general agreement that the upper ridge will flatten and
    broaden across the southern U.S. This pattern will favor the
    maintenance of a very moist airmass within parts of the Plains into
    the Midwest and Southeast. The lack of more notable mid-level and
    surface features decrease predictability with regard to where severe
    convection may occur. That being said, subtle surface
    boundaries/shortwave troughs may promote convective development each
    day within parts of the Plains/Midwest. Trends in model guidance
    will continue to be monitored, but confidence remains low in placing
    severe probabilities.

    ..Wendt.. 06/28/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 29 09:01:52 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 290901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The broad trough in the West and ridge in the East will persist
    through the remainder of the week. A moist airmass across much of
    the CONUS east of the Rockies will support repeated days of
    convective activity. Large-scale forcing will remain weak, but
    shortwave troughs emanating from the western trough will promote
    development within the Plains and the Upper Midwest where a stalled
    surface boundary will be positioned. Both Thursday and Friday show
    potential for MCS development from Nebraska into the Dakotas. Friday
    will likely have a more prominent shortwave trough as a lifting
    mechanism. Where this potential severe weather will be focused is
    not certain given the expected convection that will occur each day
    prior. For Saturday, some models show the shortwave trough moving
    into the Upper Midwest where another round of convection may occur.
    Severe probabilities are certainly possible in the coming days as
    confidence continues to increase.

    Another area to watch this week will be the Northeast. Here,
    stronger northwesterly flow at mid levels will continue into part of
    the weekend. Depending on how the shortwave trough evolves in the
    Upper Midwest, this feature may eventually move into the Northeast
    and promote thunderstorm development late this weekend into next
    week. Predictability remains too low for highlights, however.

    ..Wendt.. 06/29/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 30 08:41:04 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 300840
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300838

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0338 AM CDT Tue Jun 30 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper-level flow is expected to become more zonal across the CONUS
    this Friday. The upper ridge within the East will lose amplitude and
    develop westward and amplify once again into early next week. The
    exact structure of the upper ridge does vary within model guidance.
    At the surface, a mostly stationary boundary will continue to be modified/reinforced by convection occurring along/near it on
    preceding days. As the upper ridge builds in the West, this boundary
    will likely get pushed farther south within the areas east of the
    Mississippi by the developing surface high in the Upper
    Midwest/Great Lakes. Moisture will then be transported farther
    north/west in the Plains/High Plains beginning sometime this
    weekend. The general theme for the extended forecast will be where
    subtle shortwaves/MCVs will propagate and spur convection along the
    boundary.

    For Friday, another MCS is possible along the surface boundary
    similar to D3/Thursday. Uncertainty in how Thursday's convection
    will impact the location of the boundary and most favorable
    environment reduces confidence on where the greatest severe threat
    will be. Into the weekend and early next week, some severe threat is
    possible in parts of the eastern CONUS in association with MCV from
    convection in the Plains/Midwest. Additional severe storms could
    occur as northwesterly flow aloft develops in the High Plains. There
    are still enough differences in the upper-level pattern between
    medium range guidance that predictability of any higher threat
    corridors is low.

    ..Wendt.. 06/30/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jul 1 09:02:14 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 010902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Wed Jul 01 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Flow aloft will become more zonal by this weekend as the upper-level
    ridge flattens and begins to shift/build westward. The strongest
    mid-level winds will be present across the northern tier of the
    CONUS. An upper-level low in the vicinity of the Canadian Maritimes
    will bring a belt of stronger mid-level winds across the Northeast.
    Some southward movement of a surface boundary can be expected within
    the Great Lakes/Ohio Valley/Mid-Atlantic this weekend into early
    next week. At the same time, northwesterly flow aloft will develop
    over the High Plains along with moisture pushing farther northwest
    into the region.

    Severe potential will largely be driven by mesoscale features such
    as localized convergence along stalled/weak boundaries as well as
    MCVs from prior convection. The airmass across much of the Plains
    into the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic will be quite unstable and
    strong heating will occur underneath the increasingly muted upper
    ridge. Subtle lift from shortwave troughs may promote greater
    convective coverage in parts of the Mid-Atlantic early next week.
    However, the stronger, but still modest, shear will be displaced
    from the most buoyant airmass. Additional convection will be
    possible along the surface boundary within the Midwest/Ohio Valley,
    but shear will generally be weak. More organized convection may also
    develop within the northwest flow pattern in the High Plains, but predictability remains low as to where this will eventually occur.

    ..Wendt.. 07/01/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jul 2 08:56:56 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 020856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Thu Jul 02 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Model trends have been for the upper ridge to amplify less in the
    West than in previous cycles. This will allow southwesterly
    mid-level winds to persist longer in the Intermountain region. In
    the East, a shortwave trough will approach the
    Northeast/Mid-Atlantic on Sunday before cyclonic flow remains in the
    regions through the middle of the following week. Upper ridging will
    stay within the central CONUS before flattening as a couple of
    shortwave troughs move over the northern tier states. Moderate to
    strong buoyancy is expected to remain south a stalled surface
    boundary in the Southeast. The cyclonic flow in the West will
    eventually bring moisture farther northwest into the High Plains.
    While predictability is generally low, at least localized severe
    potential will exist near the surface boundaries and any MCVs that
    may be present. High Plains thunderstorms are also possible. Where
    greater shear/lift exists with the western shortwave troughs, severe
    potential could increase.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    With the approach of modest mid-level height falls on Sunday, storm
    coverage will likely increase from Saturday both along the stalled
    surface front and within the Blue Ridge. Given a similar environment
    to Saturday, a 15% severe risk was added. Damaging wind gusts are
    likely the primary hazard.

    ..Wendt.. 07/02/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jul 3 09:04:40 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 030904
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030902

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0402 AM CDT Fri Jul 03 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance suggests that a modest mid-level ridge, along
    an axis from the eastern Great Basin into the Upper Midwest by early
    next week, may gradually become suppressed by a low-amplitude short
    wave trough emerging from the Great Basin by the middle of next
    week. It appears that this will occur as a much more substantive
    trough and embedded low, within the stronger westerlies confined to
    the higher latitudes, progress inland across British Columbia and
    the Canadian Rockies. This could be accompanied by some potential
    for organized severe thunderstorm development across parts of
    eastern Montana into the Dakotas by next Tuesday and/or Wednesday,
    but enough spread persists within latest model output to preclude 15
    percent or greater severe probabilities at this time.

    A preceding trough within the stronger westerlies is forecast to
    slowly progress east of the Canadian Prairies through Hudson Bay,
    Ontario, Quebec and the remainder of the eastern Canadian Provinces
    by late next week. It is possible that a corridor of boundary-layer
    moistening and destabilization ahead of an associated cold front
    could support increasing risk for thunderstorms across parts of the
    lower Great Lakes through New England by next Thursday into Friday.
    However, the extent of this potential, and the degree to which it
    could pose a risk for damaging wind gusts remains uncertain at this
    time.

    Otherwise, severe potential in lower-latitudes, if any, will likely
    generally be associated with sub-synoptic developments yet to evolve
    and of rather low predictability at this time range.

    ..Kerr.. 07/03/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jul 4 08:45:48 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 040845
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040843

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0343 AM CDT Sat Jul 04 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Based on the latest medium-range guidance, it appears that
    considerable amplification within the flow across the mid- and
    subtropical latitudes of the Pacific during this period may lead to
    the evolution of an increasingly prominent high becoming centered
    near or to the northeast of the Four Corners by early next weekend.
    Surrounding ridging may encompass much of the Intermountain West
    through Great Plains, as far north as the Canadian Prairies.

    Associated monsoonal moisture return into parts of the Southwest may
    be accompanied by increasing convective potential that could include
    evolving clusters capable of producing strong to severe wind gusts.
    However, much as will likely remain the case in preceding days
    across and east of the Rockies, organized severe weather potential,
    if any, will be strongly influenced by sub-synoptic developments yet
    to evolve, and with low predictability at this extended time frame.

    ..Kerr.. 07/04/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jul 5 08:52:56 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 050852
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050851

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0351 AM CDT Sun Jul 05 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    In the wake of a short wave trough pivoting inland of the British
    Columbia coast by mid week, medium-range guidance continues to
    indicate the gradual development of large-scale ridging across the
    much of the Intermountain West through Great Plains and Mississippi
    Valley late this week through next weekend. It appears that a
    center of seasonably high mid-level heights will evolve and develop northeastward, west through north of the Four Corners, into northern
    Colorado by the end of the period. Prior to and as this occurs,
    this may be preceded by the transition of a generally zonal to
    broadly cyclonic regime across and east of the northern Great Plains
    through northern and middle Atlantic Seaboard, but embedded short
    wave developments remain rather unclear.

    Regardless, it still appears that substantive potential for
    organized severe thunderstorm development, if any, will largely
    remain influenced by sub-synoptic developments yet to evolve, and of particularly low predictability at this extended time frame.

    ..Kerr.. 07/05/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jul 6 09:02:36 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 060902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Mon Jul 06 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model output continues to indicate the evolution of an increasingly prominent mid/upper high across the lower Colorado
    Valley and Plateau late this week into next weekend, which may
    continue expanding and encompassing a significant portion of the
    interior U.S. by early next week. How far north and northeast this
    builds remains unclear; however, a plume of very warm elevated
    mixed layer air advecting on strengthening flow around the northern
    through northeastern periphery of this anticyclonic regime will
    contribute to an environment conditionally conducive to organized
    severe thunderstorm development.

    It appears that this could focus anywhere from the central
    Canadian/U.S. border vicinity through the Great Lakes into the
    Northeast. By early next week (the Day 8-9 time frame), in
    particular, at least some output suggests that a vigorous short wave
    trough rounding the ridge may be accompanied by strong cyclogenesis,
    which could promote widespread strong to severe thunderstorm
    development across parts of New England into northern Mid Atlantic.
    Given the uncertainties associated with the extended time frame and
    model spread/discrepancies, severe weather probabilities remain less
    than 15 percent for this period, but it is possible that this could
    change sometime in later outlook updates for this period.

    ..Kerr.. 07/06/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jul 7 09:02:42 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 070902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Tue Jul 07 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model output continues to indicate the evolution of an increasingly prominent mid/upper high across the lower Colorado
    Valley and Plateau late this week into next weekend. It appears
    likely that this will continue expanding and encompassing a
    significant portion of the interior U.S. by early next week, as an
    evolving larger-scale trough begins to dig across and southeast of
    Hudson Bay. While there appears relatively small spread within and
    among the various model output concerning this larger-scale
    evolution, there is considerable spread concerning the migration of
    one particularly notable short wave trough around the periphery of
    the ridge.

    Of particular concern, it appears probable that a plume of very warm
    elevated mixed-layer air will advect along the southern fringe of a
    belt of intensifying flow around the northern through northeastern
    periphery of the mid/upper ridge. As it does, coupled with
    low-level moistening, this type of regime could support the periodic
    evolution of organizing clusters, potentially including one or two
    potentially long-lived, accompanied by swaths of damaging surface
    gusts.

    It appears that this could focus anywhere from near and north of the
    central Canadian/U.S. border vicinity through the Great Lakes into
    the Northeast by early next week. However, do to lingering
    uncertainty with the synoptic developments, and the generally low predictability of these mesoscale systems, in this type of regime at
    this extended range, severe probabilities still appear less than 15
    percent. However, depending on model trends, this could change in
    later outlooks for this period.

    ..Kerr.. 07/07/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jul 7 09:08:40 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 070908
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070906

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0406 AM CDT Tue Jul 07 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    CORRECTED FOR SPELLING

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model output continues to indicate the evolution of an increasingly prominent mid/upper high across the lower Colorado
    Valley and Plateau late this week into next weekend. It appears
    likely that this will continue expanding and encompassing a
    significant portion of the interior U.S. by early next week, as an
    evolving larger-scale trough begins to dig across and southeast of
    Hudson Bay. While there appears relatively small spread within and
    among the various model output concerning this larger-scale
    evolution, there is considerable spread concerning the migration of
    one particularly notable short wave trough around the periphery of
    the ridge.

    Of particular concern, it appears probable that a plume of very warm
    elevated mixed-layer air will advect along the southern fringe of a
    belt of intensifying flow around the northern through northeastern
    periphery of the mid/upper ridge. As it does, coupled with
    low-level moistening, this type of regime could support the periodic
    evolution of organizing clusters, potentially including one or two
    potentially long-lived, accompanied by swaths of damaging surface
    gusts.

    It appears that this could focus anywhere from near and north of the
    central Canadian/U.S. border vicinity through the Great Lakes into
    the Northeast by early next week. However, due to lingering
    uncertainty with the synoptic developments, and the generally low predictability of these mesoscale systems, in this type of regime at
    this extended range, severe probabilities still appear less than 15
    percent. However, depending on model trends, this could change in
    later outlooks for this period.

    ..Kerr.. 07/07/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Jul 8 08:51:06 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 080850
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080848

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0348 AM CDT Wed Jul 08 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    There remains a general consensus in medium-range guidance that a
    prominent mid-level high will build further while developing across
    and northeast of the Colorado Plateau through the middle Missouri
    Valley this coming weekend into early next week, within elongating
    larger scale ridging. A bit more uncertainty lingers concerning the
    evolution of larger-scale troughing and embedded short wavelength
    developments to the northeast and east of this feature into the
    early to middle portion of next week, but it still appears that this
    ridging may eventually become suppressed across the Great Lakes
    region.

    As a plume of very warm elevated mixed-layer air advects along the
    southern fringe of strengthening flow around the northern through
    northeastern periphery of the mid/upper ridge, it may contribute to
    an environment conducive to the initiation and evolution of
    organizing thunderstorm clusters with potential to produce swaths of
    damaging surface gusts. Based on latest guidance, this may tend to
    initially remain north of the international border from the Great
    Plains through the upper Great Lakes. However, due to spread within
    and among the various model output, it remains unclear whether this
    activity will pose a greater potential impact to portions of New
    England or the lower Great Lakes into northern Mid Atlantic by next
    Tuesday or Wednesday.

    ..Kerr.. 07/08/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Jul 9 09:02:22 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 090902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Thu Jul 09 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models continue to indicate that the center of strong
    mid-level ridging building northeast of the Four Corners states will
    shift across the middle Missouri Valley early next week, where it
    may reach peak intensity by about Tuesday, before becoming
    suppressed. Even as this commences, mid-level ridging in the
    westerlies may be maintained near and north/northeast of the
    international border, from the Great Plains through the Great Lakes,
    while large-scale downstream troughing amplifies southeastward
    across the Northeast.

    Associated with this evolution, a plume of very warm elevated
    mixed-layer air still appears likely to advect on the southern
    fringe of a belt of strengthening flow around the northern through
    northeastern periphery of this ridging. As the nose of the warmer
    air overspreads the Great Lakes region early next week, forcing for
    ascent associated with warm advection could begin supporting
    organizing thunderstorm clusters potentially impacting portions of
    New England, and/or the lower Great Lakes through Mid Atlantic.

    As guidance suggests that the westerlies will initially remain split
    downstream of the ridge, and a potentially notable short wave trough
    (and associated cold front) migrating around its periphery and
    eventually suppressing it, it remains unclear how potential frontal
    and pre-frontal convection will pan out on any particular day. Due
    to both synoptic and sub-synoptic predictability issues, severe
    probabilities remain at less than 15 percent in the day 6-8 time
    frame. However, this probably will change in later outlooks closer
    to this time period, when the potential for introducing unduly large
    forecast false alarm decreases.

    ..Kerr.. 07/09/2026

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    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Jul 10 09:01:20 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 100901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Fri Jul 10 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Ensemble guidance continues to indicate that the western US
    mid-level ridge will build into the north-central US during the
    first part of the forecast period. Toward the middle and end of the
    week, this ridge should retrograde westward as a series of mid-level
    troughs move across the apex of the ridge in central Canada. One
    particularly strong trough will impact New England on Tuesday into
    Wednesday.


    ... Tuesday/Day 5 ...

    GEFS and EPS ensemble guidance is in remarkably good agreement that
    a strong short-wave trough will approach New England during the day
    on Tuesday and move across the region Tuesday night. Ahead of this
    trough, both ensemble systems have mean surface temperatures in the
    70Fs and 80Fs with surface dewpoints in the mid-to-upper-60Fs across
    much of the area. The result will be MUCAPE values in the 1000-2000
    J/kg range amidst seasonably strong vertical shear. Supporting this
    are ensemble probabilities greater than 50 percent for the supercell
    composite index to be greater than 1.

    As the trough approaches New England, the expectation is for one or
    more clusters of storms to develop during the afternoon across
    portions of Quebec and move into and then across New England during
    the late afternoon into evening/overnight hours. Although there is
    some spread within the ensemble regarding the timing of the wave
    moving across the area, with solutions ranging from afternoon to
    overnight, the overall environment should remain favorable for
    damaging thunderstorm winds to occur, even into the early overnight
    hours.


    ... Friday/Day 8 ...

    Ensemble guidance is beginning to suggest some severe potential
    across portions of the Ohio Valley into the Mid-Atlantic region.
    This area is forecast to be on the eastern periphery of the strong
    western US ridge and near the basal region of a long-wave trough
    across eastern Canada and New England. Surface temperatures are
    expected to range from the upper-80Fs to mid-90Fs with surface
    dewpoint temperatures in the 60Fs. Parcel trajectories around the
    western ridge do not favor much in the way of an elevated mixed
    layer, so scattered thunderstorm development is likely. The
    magnitude of the severe potential will likely rest on the strength
    of the deep-layer shear and the number of storms.

    ..Marsh.. 07/10/2026

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    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Jul 11 09:02:36 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 110902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Sat Jul 11 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Ensemble guidance continues to indicate that the CONUS-wide
    mid-level ridge centered over the north-central United States will
    build westward during the upcoming week in response to a series of
    mid-level troughs moving through central Canada. These troughs will
    help to carve out a seasonably strong trough across eastern Canada.
    By the end of the week, the US ridge will be centered over the
    Rockies with the eastern Canada trough centered over Quebec. The
    result will be a strong mid-level height gradient (and strong
    mid-level flow) stretching from the Upper Great Lakes southeast into
    the Mid-Atlantic and encompassing New England.


    ... Tuesday/Day 4 -- New England ...

    Multiple ensemble systems continue to support a favorable severe
    weather environment being in place across New England on Tuesday.
    Strong diurnal heating and southwesterly surface flow should allow
    surface temperatures to warm into the mid-80Fs to perhaps low-90Fs
    by late afternoon ahead of a seasonably strong surface cold front.
    Ahead of the cold front, surface dewpoint temperatures should rise
    into the 60Fs to perhaps 70Fs, leading to MUCAPE between 1000-2000
    J/kg. Current thinking is that thunderstorms will develop along and
    ahead of the surface cold front during the afternoon across Quebec
    and move into New England during the late afternoon before
    dissipating overnight. Strong vertical shear in excess of 50 knots
    will combine with strong instability to support severe
    thunderstorms. The most probable scenario is for one or more broken
    lines of storms to move across the region, with perhaps a few
    embedded supercells. All severe hazards seem possible at this time.


    ... Friday/Day 7 and Beyond -- Upper Great Lakes into the
    Mid-Atlantic ...

    Strong northwest flow will be established between the previously
    described western US ridge and eastern Canadian trough. Rich
    boundary layer moisture is expected to be present to the south of a
    residual cold front that will be draped somewhere from the Great
    Lakes southeast into the Mid-Atlantic/Southern New England. Strong
    diurnal heating each afternoon will support scattered thunderstorm
    development capable of producing damaging outflows. Severe
    probabilities were introduced for Day 7 with this outlook given
    increasing confidence in thunderstorms developing within surface
    troughing east of the Appalachians. The exact location of these
    highlights will likely be refined with subsequent outlooks.

    Additionally, the overall large-scale pattern seems conducive for
    one or more shortwave troughs to move through the broader
    northwesterly flow across this region. Given the (seasonably)
    strongly unstable and sheared environment, one or more southeastward
    moving MCSs may be possible during the Day 7 - Day 10 period.
    Ensemble guidance varies significantly as to the timing and location
    of these potential short-wave troughs, but the overall pattern would
    suggest additional severe weather potential at the end of the
    forecast period and in the days that follow.

    ..Marsh.. 07/11/2026

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Jul 12 09:02:54 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 120902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Sun Jul 12 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An expansive mid-level ridge centered over the north-central US will
    continue to retrograde during the early part of the forecast period,
    before becoming centered over the Rockies toward the end of the
    upcoming week. A seasonably strong mid-level trough will be
    positioned over northern Quebec, positioning strong northwesterly
    flow from the Upper Midwest southeast into the Mid-Atlantic and
    areas to the northeast. A combination of deterministic and ensemble
    forecast solutions, including AI emulators, show one or more
    short-wave troughs or jet streaks moving through this enhanced flow
    field.

    The position of these mid-level features will help drive a surface
    front southward across the eastern US that will stretch from
    somewhere in the central/north-central US into the Mid-Atlantic. To
    the north of this boundary, a seasonably cool, dry airmass should be
    found. Along and south of this surface boundary, a very warm, moist,
    and unstable airmass will be found.

    As the aforementioned short-wave troughs move through the enhanced
    mid-level flow, one or more rounds of thunderstorms/mesoscale
    convective systems are likely to develop and move east/southeast.
    Ensemble guidance continues to show a very unstable airmass (MUCAPE
    in excess of 2000-3000 J/kg) along and south of where the surface
    boundary resides, with strong vertical shear. The overall pattern
    would seem to suggest multiple rounds/days of severe potential, with
    prior days' convection likely modulating the where and intensity of
    subsequent days' convection.

    Given these sensitivities to prior days' convection, there will
    likely be run-to-run variability within the deterministic guidance
    suite as we approach the latter half of next week. Thus, while
    confidence is high in severe potential during the Day 4-8 period
    (and perhaps beyond), highlighting specific locations and days of
    severe potential will prove challenging, with likely areas changing
    from model run-to-run.


    ... Friday/Day 6 -- Mid-Atlantic Region ...

    This evening's deterministic guidance suite (20260712 00 UTC), along
    with yesterday morning's deterministic guidance suite (20260711 12
    UTC), is faster moving the surface boundary south than last night's
    guidance suite (20260711 00 UTC). However, the overall ensemble
    guidance continues to suggest severe potential across the region,
    owing to differences in the position of the surface boundary and the
    timing of mid-level vorticity maxima. Severe probabilities (15%)
    have been retained with this forecast in a nod to the ensemble
    guidance suite, but if the current trend of pushing the surface
    boundary farther south on Thursday (Day 5) continues, severe weather probabilities may need to be removed as the surface boundary will
    push south of the better deep-layer shear.

    ..Marsh.. 07/12/2026

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Jul 13 09:07:42 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 130907
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130905

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0405 AM CDT Mon Jul 13 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    All ensemble guidance suites are in broad agreement that the central
    US ridge will once again build westward in response to the
    development of a eastern North America long-wave trough during the
    forecast period. However, significant differences exist within and
    between ensembles regarding the timing and exact nature of this
    transition.

    At the start of the forecast period, a frontal boundary will be
    pushing south and west in the wake of a strong short-wave trough
    that moved across New England in the prior days. The trend over the
    past 48 hours is for this front to push farther south and west,
    bringing a continental dry airmass into New England and portions of
    the Mid-Atlantic. For example, several days ago ensemble guidance
    was in good agreement that the front would be draped across the
    Mid-Atlantic on Friday. Many, but not all, of the recent runs now
    push the front south into southern Virginia and northern North
    Carolina. This results in significant uncertainty regarding the
    potential severe weather environment on Friday (Day 5) across the
    Mid-Atlantic. For example, the GEFS mean temperature for Washington
    D.C. is 93F on Friday afternoon, while the EPS mean temperature is
    102F. However, both ensembles have dewpoint temperatures in the
    50Fs.

    Given the increasing uncertainty as to the location of the surface
    boundary on Friday and the overall quality of the severe weather
    environment, unconditional 15% severe probabilities for Friday are
    removed with this forecast. It is possible that severe probabilities
    may be reintroduced in later outlooks should it become apparent that
    the surface boundary washes out earlier than expected and quality
    low-level moisture is able to return sooner.

    That said, the front should begin to dissipate by Saturday in
    response to a mid-level trough digging southeast across the Great
    Lakes. This will allow rich boundary-layer moisture to advect
    northeastward into the Mid-Atlantic and southern New England. This
    increase in boundary-layer moisture and strong diurnal heating will
    allow for afternoon MUCAPE values between 1000-2000 J/kg, perhaps
    locally higher on Saturday and into Sunday.

    This unstable and vertically sheared environment will be ripe for thunderstorm/severe thunderstorm development ahead of any digging
    mid-level trough. However, as alluded to previously, the timing,
    magnitude, and number of these troughs is highly variable within the
    ensemble guidance, leading to too little confidence to pinpoint
    where and when unconditional severe probabilities should be added.
    As confidence in the timing, track, and strength of these embedded
    troughs becomes clear, severe probabilities will likely be needed
    somewhere across the region stretching from the Upper Midwest
    southeast into the Mid-Atlantic for one or more days.

    ..Marsh.. 07/13/2026

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Jul 14 09:04:12 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 140903
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140901

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0401 AM CDT Tue Jul 14 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Ensemble guidance remains in good agreement that the US mid-level
    pattern will transition from a CONUS-wide ridge centered over the
    north-central US to a western US ridge and eastern US trough.
    However the details of how this transition evolves are still
    uncertain.

    The general pattern through the forecast period will favor northwest
    flow from the Upper Midwest southeast into the Mid-Atlantic and
    areas north and east from there. Individual members of the ensemble
    suite, including the control members, show several small
    vorticity/speed maxima moving through the flow this weekend in quick succession, with significant variability in the strength of these
    waves. Ensemble guidance does have support for a more substantial
    shortwave trough moving through the area, but differ on when this
    will occur. For example, both the control runs of the ECMWF and GFS
    have a stronger wave moving across the Great Lakes, but the GFS does
    so on Saturday and Sunday, whereas the ECMWF does so on Monday and
    Tuesday.

    Thus, while the overall pattern will favor thunderstorm development,
    perhaps in relatively quick succession, uncertainty is too high to
    highlight any severe areas with confidence at current lead times.

    ..Marsh.. 07/14/2026

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Jul 15 09:01:20 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 150901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Wed Jul 15 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The mid-level pattern will continue to transition toward a western
    US ridge and eastern Canada trough during this forecast period. The
    strongest mid-level flow across the US will be in the region between
    the ridge and trough, namely the Upper Midwest into the Northeast
    and Mid-Atlantic.

    Ensemble guidance suites continue to indicate several stronger
    mid-level short-wave troughs moving through the longwave trough
    across eastern North America. In particular, one such trough will
    move across the Great Lakes and Northeast on Saturday into Sunday,
    with a secondary wave moving across the same general area late
    Monday into early Wednesday. In between these main waves,
    smaller-scale vorticity/speed maxima are likely to traverse the
    region.

    Prior cyclones moving across the region will have left behind a
    surface boundary arcing from the Great Lakes into the Mid-Atlantic.
    As each of the previously mentioned waves approaches this boundary,
    the surface boundary will lift northward before being pushed farther
    southward in the wake of the departing wave. By the end of the
    forecast period, this boundary may push as far south as the
    Southeast US.

    Widespread showers and thunderstorms will be possible with each
    passing wave, with more isolated potential in between the main waves
    in association with any of the small/subtle vorticity/speed maxima
    moving through the flow. The best areas for thunderstorms look to be
    south of the better mid-level flow, which would tend to favor any
    severe potential being driven by the degree of low-level
    warming/steepening of the low-level lapse rates. At this time it
    appears that the timing of the midlevel waves may favor early day
    convection, especially across the Lower Great Lakes into the
    northern Mid-Atlantic area. This early day convection may temper
    afternoon heating and the overall organization/areal extent of any
    severe potential. Thus, confidence remains too low to introduce
    unconditional 15% severe weather probabilities at this time, despite
    the acknowledgment that some severe potential is likely during this
    time period.

    ..Marsh.. 07/15/2026

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Jul 16 09:07:28 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 160904
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160902

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0402 AM CDT Thu Jul 16 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The mid-level pattern across the US will continue to be
    characterized by a West Coast trough, Intermountain West ridge, and
    Great Lakes/East Coast trough through the extended period. The main
    belt of westerlies will be found along the northern periphery of the Intermountain West ridge.

    A couple of short-wave troughs will feature prominently during the
    forecast period. The first of these will be moving off the East
    Coast on Sunday (Day 4). The second will be the closed low located
    across the Pacific Northwest on Sunday. This low will open into a
    mid-level short-wave trough as it crests the Intermountain West
    ridge, before diving southeast across the Great Lakes early next
    week.

    Sunday's East Coast departing mid-level wave will leave behind a
    surface boundary arced from Virginia west-northwest into the Upper
    Midwest. To the south of this boundary, a warm, moist airmass will
    support afternoon MUCAPE values in the 1500-2500 J/kg range, locally
    higher. This boundary will slowly push southward into the Carolinas
    during the afternoon.

    Modest height falls will overspread this boundary across the
    Carolinas during the afternoon as a the region remains on the
    southern fringes of the departing wave's basal region. Additionally,
    a weak mid-/upper-level level low across Florida/the eastern Gulf
    will lift northward as it rejoins the westerlies. The combination of
    modest height falls, strong instability, and the presence of a
    surface boundary will result in scattered thunderstorm development
    capable of producing strong thunderstorm outflows and wind damage. A
    15% area has been introduced across the Carolinas for Sunday/Day-4
    to account for this potential.

    The next time/area of potential concern will be across portions of
    the Upper Midwest/western Great Lakes on Monday/Day-5. Here, both
    the physics-based GEFS and EC ensemble guidance and the GFS and
    EC-based AI emulators are in good agreement that height falls will
    overspread the region ahead of the next short-wave trough. However,
    the GFS-based ensemble means are considerably weaker with the
    strength of the trough, partially owing to differences in timing of
    the main wave. The background environment will likely be favorable
    for severe thunderstorms, with MUCAPE values in the 2000-3000 J/kg
    range and strong vertical shear, the magnitude of which will be
    largely influenced by the strength of the mid-level wave. That said, west/southwesterly flow in the 925-700 millibar layer should support
    a strong EML given the antecedent hot and dry airmass upstream of
    this flow. This leads to concerns regarding convective initiation
    within the favorable severe background environment. These concerns
    are supported by the ensemble guidance with varying degrees of QPF
    shown within the ensemble members. Given this is still 5 days away,
    will hold off on introducing unconditional severe probabilities with
    this forecast.

    ..Marsh.. 07/16/2026

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Jul 17 07:57:04 2026
    ACUS48 KWNS 170756
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170755

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 AM CDT Fri Jul 17 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Days 4-6/Mon-Wed -- Great Lakes/Midwest to the
    Mid-Atlantic/Northeast...

    A shortwave upper trough initially over the Canadian Prairies and
    northern Plains will develop east/southeast across the Upper
    Midwest/Great Lakes on Monday, then the Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic
    vicinity on Tuesday. Meanwhile, another upper shortwave trough will
    develop across the Great Lakes to the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic on
    Wednesday. These features will support enhancement of mid/upper
    level flow as a surface low tracks across Ontario/Quebec and New
    England during this time. A trailing cold front will likewise
    progress east/southeast over this three day period, with a very
    moist and unstable airmass present ahead of the front. This overall
    pattern will likely bring multiple days of severe storm potential
    from the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes to portions of the Ohio Valley,
    Northeast and Mid-Atlantic vicinity Monday through Wednesday,
    necessitating severe probabilities. While these areas may shift some
    over the coming day as the timing of mesoscale features and
    influence of prior days convection becomes more clear, these general
    regions are most likely to see at least isolated to widely scattered
    damaging wind potential as the upper trough and surface cold front
    sweep across the area.

    ...Days 7-8/Thu-Fri...

    Surface high pressure building behind the aforementioned surface
    cold front will become centered over the Midwest late in the
    forecast period. Upper troughing will persist across the East while
    an amplified upper ridge remains oriented from TX to MT. Overall,
    severe potential appears low late in the forecast period.

    ..Leitman.. 07/17/2026

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)