• Re: More on wifi range - Pi PICO W Oil level sensor

    From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Tue Dec 9 19:17:56 2025
    On 09/12/2025 19:14, Rich wrote:
    In comp.os.linux.misc The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    On 09/12/2025 11:57, Andy Burns wrote:
    The Natural Philosopher wrote:

    might be dependent on where I parked the car

    Monitoring within the appliance bays of multiple fire stations,
    certainly shows signal levels exhibiting high and low levels depending
    whether the truck is in or out ...

    Umm. Well now the rain has gone and the wind died down a little I am
    getting +6dB better signal. I could move the car...

    I'll park that one (sic") till I use the car again, then I'll move it ...

    Water greatly absorbs 2.4Ghz signals, so it is not surprising you see stronger signals once the extra "water" is no longer in the signal
    path.

    I knew that theoretically, but it was interesting to see it playing out
    in practice...
    Also the difference waving foliage made...

    --
    "What do you think about Gay Marriage?"
    "I don't."
    "Don't what?"
    "Think about Gay Marriage."



    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Rich@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 10 10:00:02 2025
    In comp.os.linux.misc The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    On 09/12/2025 11:57, Andy Burns wrote:
    The Natural Philosopher wrote:

    might be dependent on where I parked the car

    Monitoring within the appliance bays of multiple fire stations,
    certainly shows signal levels exhibiting high and low levels depending
    whether the truck is in or out ...

    Umm. Well now the rain has gone and the wind died down a little I am
    getting +6dB better signal. I could move the car...

    I'll park that one (sic") till I use the car again, then I'll move it ...

    Water greatly absorbs 2.4Ghz signals, so it is not surprising you see
    stronger signals once the extra "water" is no longer in the signal
    path.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Tue Dec 9 14:07:18 2025
    On 09/12/2025 11:57, Andy Burns wrote:
    The Natural Philosopher wrote:

    might be dependent on where I parked the car

    Monitoring within the appliance bays of multiple fire stations,
    certainly shows signal levels exhibiting high and low levels depending whether the truck is in or out ...

    Umm. Well now the rain has gone and the wind died down a little I am
    getting +6dB better signal. I could move the car...

    I'll park that one (sic") till I use the car again, then I'll move it ...

    --
    "A point of view can be a dangerous luxury when substituted for insight
    and understanding".

    Marshall McLuhan



    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Tue Dec 9 10:47:16 2025
    First of all thanks to all those who responded on my first efforts to
    put a battery power Pi Pico W outside and have it phone home.

    Having eliminated temperature and supply voltage as issues, I delved
    into wifi and router logs, and it was clear that it was sometimes
    getting a DHCP lease and even occasionally opening a TCP/IP connections
    and sending data. And might be dependent on where I parked the car and
    the weather.

    I tried putting a tin tray behind the router and that made it worse.

    Now the layout was that a ground floor router through the window and the garage was not very good at about 30m range.

    Then I remembered I had put an Ethernet port in an upstairs bedroom by
    the window in case I wanted to use it as an office.

    It was further away - 35m or so - but much less cluttered path. It just
    had to go through a corner of the garage.

    Instantly the router reported about 8-10dB more signal and almost
    reliable comms resulted.

    Now instead of 1 in 10 connections working,m I have one in ten
    connections *not* working.The limit seems to be about -93dBm reported on
    the Pi Pico and about -90dBM reported on the router/access point.

    What seems to be the key is uncluttered line of sight for as much of the distance as possible. And wind and rain. There are trees /bushes behind
    and the last two days have been very wet and very windy. And I have seen
    good connections drop without sending data and reported signal levels
    up to 10dB worse.

    On the plus side for those contemplating similar, the ultrasonic module
    seems flawless..

    (HC-SR04) and the original one worked down to about 4V. I believe newer
    ones will do down to 3.3V.

    Also the nano power timers (TPL5110) works OK. Although it needed 100uF
    across the output power rails to stop it oscillating :(

    The whole thing seems to be accurate to a couple of litres in a 2500
    litre tank.

    (I spent several hours trying to remember enough high school
    trigonometry to work out the area of a chord. )


    All in all the reliability of the wireless is about the same as the old commercial (465Mhz) sensor except that that needed the receiver where I
    could read it. The luxury of just looking on a web browser makes the
    whole thing worth while, as is knowing exactly when the batteries are
    running out. So far in about 6 weeks of battery testing the 3 x AAs have
    gone from '4.6V' to '4.4V' . Battery replacement does not need the whole
    unit to be removed. Simply a battery holder and cover with a simple 2
    pin battery plug.

    The hassle of setting up the C SDK is worth it as there is much that
    Python cannot do.
    And I am hoping never ever to have to spend two hours bleeding 60 metres
    of partially air filled oil line when the tank runs dry (or is emptied
    by thieves)

    There are apparently blue tooth solutions that talk to yiur mobile
    phone, but once again, the phone needs to be in range...

    Anyway thanks to all who helped, and the upshot is that liquid levels
    sensing with battery powered ultrasonics and a wifi link is perfectly
    doable and depending on circumstance, very worth doing.

    And I knew all that trig would come in handy one day :-)


    --
    No Apple devices were knowingly used in the preparation of this post.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From c186282@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 10 15:00:00 2025
    On 12/9/25 06:57, Andy Burns wrote:
    The Natural Philosopher wrote:

    might be dependent on where I parked the car

    Monitoring within the appliance bays of multiple fire stations,
    certainly shows signal levels exhibiting high and low levels depending whether the truck is in or out ...

    Wi-Fi is sometimes just black magic ...

    Simply just moving things just a couple of
    inches oft makes an unreasonable difference.

    2.4 tends to have better range indoors
    than 5ghz - making up for the lower xfer
    rate by being Reliable.

    5G phone can be just as spooky.

    6G phone ... I saw somewhere that a theoretical
    'dynamic signal steering' tech might help - but
    real-world that's still to be seen.

    Robots ... with current tech they will depend on
    being able to connect their tiny AIs to a BIG AI
    somewhere else so they can do much more. BUT, if
    6G is horrible, then what ?

    If monitoring 'emergency vehicles/installations'
    is critical, maybe consider something using lower
    frequencies than wi-fi ??? In USA I think there's
    a designated comm space in the 400mhz band. It'd
    still be good enough for a 1-fps camera feed.

    Ah ... POTENTIAL cheap solution. Haven't fooled
    with it in about 10 years but I think it's still
    possible with Linux. Just buy one of those wi-fi
    extender/repeater thingies (about $50 USD) and
    put it not far from the main router. Make it
    wlan1. At least with wpasupplicant and dhcpcd.conf
    you could designate an automatic "fall over" in
    case the main signal got crappy. Not 100% sure
    what happens now with apps if you list a wlan0 and
    wlan1 at the same time - will the app just use
    whichever, or both, without complaints ???

    Between the two, 'shadow' areas ought to largely
    go away.

    Pity nobody makes a 5ghz "viewer" so you can
    get at least a fuzzy picture of the signal at
    different places :-)

    I have a repeater to reach an out-building. Gonna
    try to add it as wlan1 just to see what happens ...









    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From c186282@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 10 17:00:00 2025
    On 12/10/25 00:18, Andy Burns wrote:
    c186282 wrote:

    If monitoring 'emergency vehicles/installations'
    ˙˙ is critical, maybe consider something using lower
    ˙˙ frequencies than wi-fi ???

    Nah, it was mostly "for interest" to gather a few more values from kit that's already being monitored. Someone else mentioned water (presumably
    as rain) don't forget the fire appliances carry around their own water,
    but hopefully it's low down for CoG reasons, while the access points are mounted higher up.

    Fair enough.

    Now if real, legal, 'security' was an issue
    then you'd want a solid connection all of
    the time ... and one wi-fi point likely won't
    provide that.

    Did a very quick look at fail-over network
    connections, but almost everything assumes
    multiple routers and perhaps iptables
    nastiness.

    Easiest ... add one wifi extender, log into
    the camera, see whether you get more bars
    with the main or the extender.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From c186282@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 10 20:00:00 2025
    On 12/10/25 00:38, Andy Burns wrote:
    c186282 wrote:

    ˙˙ Now if real, legal, 'security' was an issue
    ˙˙ then you'd want a solid connection all of
    ˙˙ the time ... and one wi-fi point likely won't
    ˙˙ provide that.

    Only the largest couple of stations have multiple APs in the bay.˙ The building and individual vehicles have 4G, and the buildings form a
    meshed POCSAG network between neighbouring towns (or parts of cities).

    Ummm ... an 'extender' is a bit different from
    an 'access point' (and cheaper). The extender
    binds to the access point/router. Connected
    devices may, as needed, connect to the main
    point or the address of the extender and still
    get net access. Wired equiv is more like a
    hub/switch.

    I do have experience - like last week - with
    extenders. Just got in a cheap spare, had to
    set it up (CAN be slightly confusing but not
    bad at all). My better extender doubles
    the range of my good wifi connection, to
    some out-buildings with some IP cams (and
    soon a home-built "weather" thing (Pi3 based,
    have a couple of spares & some 1-wire sensors)).

    Anyway, judging by the problem you claimed, your
    easy fix is an extender. Use the main point for
    cams/devices at point-blank range and put the
    extender across the bay, best higher up. Use
    whichever is more reliable for the particular
    device in the building.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 11 08:48:40 2025
    On 11/12/2025 04:12, c186282 wrote:
    Everybody thought
    ˙ that the 1950s were the pinnacle of modern civ ...
    ˙ "What else WOULD you need to add in ???".
    Reminds me of a brand new factory in Jo'burg. Solid concrete walls and a
    tin roof. And nnot a single socket or light that worked.

    The contractor brought in to fix it spent 20 minutes looking and then
    said 'Fuck that - get the Kangas' and simply chipped new channels for *everything*. Laid in pipe conduit and got wiring.

    Before the days of computers that was, let alone networking. We used Telex.

    --
    The urge to save humanity is almost always a false front for the urge to
    rule.
    ? H. L. Mencken, American journalist, 1880-1956


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 11 22:18:22 2025
    On 2025-12-09 11:47, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    First of all thanks to all those who responded on my first efforts to
    put a battery power Pi Pico W outside and have it phone home.

    Having eliminated temperature and supply voltage as issues, I delved
    into wifi and router logs, and it was clear that it was sometimes
    getting a DHCP lease and even occasionally opening a TCP/IP connections
    and sending data. And might be dependent on where I parked the car and
    the weather.

    I tried putting a tin tray behind the router and that made it worse.

    Now the layout was that a ground floor router through the window and the garage was not very good at about 30m range.

    Then I remembered I had put an Ethernet port in an upstairs bedroom by
    the window in case I wanted to use it as an office.

    It was further away - 35m or so - but much less cluttered path. It just
    had to go through a corner of the garage.

    Instantly the router reported about 8-10dB more signal and almost
    reliable comms resulted.

    Two ideas.

    Some routers can steer the signal horizontally; the technology is called "MIMO" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO). You notice because the
    router has multiple antenas, maybe four.

    Then you can replace the antena on the router or the remote with a
    directional WiFi antena. Home made with a box of Pringles. just google
    for "pringles wifi antenna". I made one and it actually works. But maybe
    they are sold, too.

    ...

    And I knew all that trig would come in handy one day :-)

    You can calculate it numerically on a computer, by calculating the
    aproximate integral ;-)

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 11 22:06:10 2025
    On 2025-12-10 11:24, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 10/12/2025 10:02, c186282 wrote:
    On 12/10/25 04:14, Andy Burns wrote:
    c186282 wrote:

    ˙˙ I think it was you ... said how a cam would
    ˙˙ more or less drop out when the Big Red Truck
    ˙˙ was there.
    No, maybe TNP said his oil level monitor would drop out?

    ˙˙ Posting traffic has considerably increased of late,
    ˙˙ partly my "fault" ... but COSLM was kind of dying
    ˙˙ and that would have been tragic. Forgive the sort
    ˙˙ of off-topic stuff, but it DOES keep minds alive -
    ˙˙ you can't ALWAYS think about Linux without kind
    ˙˙ of seizing up :-)

    I stated for te record and for the interest of others doing outside wifi coupled IOT shit that rain wind and possibly cars made a difference.

    Someone else remarked that so did fire trucks.

    The downside of the new oil monitor is that is is so accurate - to
    within a litre it seems - that I can visibly see how much a shower or washing the dishes costs me, and a cold night is very expensive. :-)
    LOL.

    Now off to write the software that will look at it for me and warn me of things by email.
    So I can get on with the next project.

    You mentioned thieves stealing fuel. You can also monitor for that. You
    would need a fuel flow meter on the fuel line, or a sensor telling when
    the furnace is working. Compare with the tank level decreasing rapidly.

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From c186282@3:633/10 to All on Fri Dec 12 10:00:00 2025
    On 12/11/25 03:48, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 04:12, c186282 wrote:
    Everybody thought
    ˙˙ that the 1950s were the pinnacle of modern civ ...
    ˙˙ "What else WOULD you need to add in ???".
    Reminds me of a brand new factory in Jo'burg. Solid concrete walls and a
    tin roof. And nnot a single socket or light that worked.

    The contractor brought in to fix it spent 20 minutes looking and then
    said 'Fuck that - get the Kangas' and simply chipped new channels for *everything*. Laid in pipe conduit and got wiring.

    Before the days of computers that was, let alone networking. We used Telex.

    Esp in the 50s, well, they DID really think they
    were The Pinnacle. Everyone would always have
    their rotary-dial telephones, only a few, and
    need just a very few lights and sockets. So, they
    built, often large, structures reflecting that
    philosophy.

    Solid concrete ... or at least with gaps you could
    not GET to once construction finished.

    My last office, they wanted to add a couple of
    extensions. Had to force the builders to drill
    a couple of 2" holes through solid concrete
    lintels just so we could run comm/net cables.
    The lintels didn't really hold up much weight
    but were huge regardless. Took them like half
    a day to put the two holes though the lintels,
    and they hit a piece of rebar in the process.

    This was well before crap gypsum-board walls and
    drop ceilings.




    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 11 22:03:04 2025
    On 2025-12-10 11:02, c186282 wrote:

    ˙ I've had to skip subject threading because of all
    ˙ the new postings ... just datetime sorting now.

    That's the fault of your client software. Thunderbird threads correctly
    even if the subject changes. I don't know what you are using :-?

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Fri Dec 12 11:14:30 2025
    On 12/12/2025 10:39, Andy Burns wrote:
    The Natural Philosopher wrote:

    the sensor I built on the tank has no power except batteries: So it
    only wakes up occasionally and draws nanoamps in between.
    I have completed the warning software that looks for low oil levels,
    loss of communication, a failing battery and unexpected changes in oil
    level, BUT it cannot do that in real time as the unit is only powered
    up for a minute or so every couple of hours.

    Depending on how long the batteries last I may increase the frequency
    of operation.


    Worth trying to send the data as UDP rather than TCP? if it fits in a
    single packet,the receiver doesn't have to track the position within a stream ...


    Well the daemon runs under xinetd...for sheer laziness. I guess I could
    make it UDP.

    But I don't know what problem that would solve.

    --
    Microsoft : the best reason to go to Linux that ever existed.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Fri Dec 12 10:26:06 2025
    On 11/12/2025 21:06, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-12-10 11:24, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 10/12/2025 10:02, c186282 wrote:
    On 12/10/25 04:14, Andy Burns wrote:
    c186282 wrote:

    ˙˙ I think it was you ... said how a cam would
    ˙˙ more or less drop out when the Big Red Truck
    ˙˙ was there.
    No, maybe TNP said his oil level monitor would drop out?

    ˙˙ Posting traffic has considerably increased of late,
    ˙˙ partly my "fault" ... but COSLM was kind of dying
    ˙˙ and that would have been tragic. Forgive the sort
    ˙˙ of off-topic stuff, but it DOES keep minds alive -
    ˙˙ you can't ALWAYS think about Linux without kind
    ˙˙ of seizing up :-)

    I stated for te record and for the interest of others doing outside
    wifi coupled IOT shit that rain wind and possibly cars made a difference.

    Someone else remarked that so did fire trucks.

    The downside of the new oil monitor is that is is so accurate - to
    within a litre it seems - that I can visibly see how much a shower or
    washing the dishes costs me, and a cold night is very expensive. :-)
    LOL.

    Now off to write the software that will look at it for me and warn me
    of things by email.
    So I can get on with the next project.

    You mentioned thieves stealing fuel. You can also monitor for that. You would need a fuel flow meter on the fuel line, or a sensor telling when
    the furnace is working. Compare with the tank level decreasing rapidly.


    The problem is that the sensor I built on the tank has no power except batteries: So it only wakes up occasionally and draws nanoamps in between.
    I have completed the warning software that looks for low oil levels,
    loss of communication, a failing battery and unexpected changes in oil
    level, BUT it cannot do that in real time as the unit is only powered up
    for a minute or so every couple of hours.

    Depending on how long the batteries last I may increase the frequency of operation. But it can never be 'real time'



    --
    If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will
    eventually come to believe it. The lie can be maintained only for such
    time as the State can shield the people from the political, economic
    and/or military consequences of the lie. It thus becomes vitally
    important for the State to use all of its powers to repress dissent, for
    the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and thus by extension, the
    truth is the greatest enemy of the State.

    Joseph Goebbels





    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Fri Dec 12 12:19:34 2025
    On 2025-12-12 11:26, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:06, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-12-10 11:24, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 10/12/2025 10:02, c186282 wrote:
    On 12/10/25 04:14, Andy Burns wrote:
    c186282 wrote:


    Now off to write the software that will look at it for me and warn me
    of things by email.
    So I can get on with the next project.

    You mentioned thieves stealing fuel. You can also monitor for that.
    You would need a fuel flow meter on the fuel line, or a sensor telling
    when the furnace is working. Compare with the tank level decreasing
    rapidly.


    The problem is that the sensor I built on the tank has no power except batteries: So it only wakes up occasionally and draws nanoamps in between.
    I have completed the warning software that looks for low oil levels,
    loss of communication, a failing battery and unexpected changes in oil level, BUT it cannot do that in real time as the unit is only powered up
    for a minute or so every couple of hours.

    Depending on how long the batteries last I may increase the frequency of operation. But it can never be 'real time'

    Ah.

    What about a small solar panel and rechargeable batteries?

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Fri Dec 12 11:28:06 2025
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:

    Two ideas.

    Some routers can steer the signal horizontally; the technology is called "MIMO" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO). You notice because the
    router has multiple antenas, maybe four.

    Then you can replace the antena on the router

    What antenna on the router?

    It's just a wifi bridge with an internal something or other.

    https://www.netxl.com/wifi-access-points/mikrotik-routerboard-rb951ui-2nd-wifi-4-access-point/

    Its actually very very cheap and has been 'good enough'


    > or the remote with a
    directional WiFi antena.

    That gets complicated. I am trying easy shit first :-)

    P Pico W doesn't have an 'antenna' either. Just some PCB traces.

    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google
    for "pringles wifi antenna". I made one and it actually works. But maybe they are sold, too.

    Everything is possible. I am lazy. I do what is necessary to achieve
    desired result and no more.

    For now I seem to have adequate connectivity.

    --
    I would rather have questions that cannot be answered...
    ...than to have answers that cannot be questioned

    Richard Feynman




    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Fri Dec 12 10:41:34 2025
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-12-09 11:47, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    First of all thanks to all those who responded on my first efforts to
    put a battery power Pi Pico W outside and have it phone home.

    Having eliminated temperature and supply voltage as issues, I delved
    into wifi and router logs, and it was clear that it was sometimes
    getting a DHCP lease and even occasionally opening a TCP/IP
    connections and sending data. And might be dependent on where I parked
    the car and the weather.

    I tried putting a tin tray behind the router and that made it worse.

    Now the layout was that a ground floor router through the window and
    the garage was not very good at about 30m range.

    Then I remembered I had put an Ethernet port in an upstairs bedroom by
    the window in case I wanted to use it as an office.

    It was further away - 35m or so - but much less cluttered path. It
    just had to go through a corner of the garage.

    Instantly the router reported about 8-10dB more signal and almost
    reliable comms resulted.

    Two ideas.

    Some routers can steer the signal horizontally; the technology is called "MIMO" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO). You notice because the
    router has multiple antenas, maybe four.

    Then you can replace the antena on the router or the remote with a directional WiFi antena. Home made with a box of Pringles. just google
    for "pringles wifi antenna". I made one and it actually works. But maybe they are sold, too.

    I sorta tried that without huge success, In fact I am getting up to 12dB variation in signal due to who knows what?

    The setup is all somewhat experimental. At least for now the software
    is more or less stable - I have a few hanging daemons if the link goes
    down mid message - but that is easily fixed .

    ...

    And I knew all that trig would come in handy one day :-)

    You can calculate it numerically on a computer, by calculating the aproximate integral ;-)

    Huh? it can be as exact as your measurements are.
    No 'approximations' here...

    diameter= tankDepth - offset;
    radius = diameter * 0.5;
    y = echoDepth - offset -radius;
    theta = asin( y / radius);
    x = radius * cos(theta);
    pie= radius * radius * theta;
    delta = x * y;
    area= (M_PI * radius *radius)/2 - (pie + delta);
    volume=(area/(M_PI * radius *radius ))*tankVolume;

    That is about ultimately three days of work. It is redundant but I think
    gcc can optimise out the intermediary variables that I used to make sure
    even I could understand it.



    What has been encouraging is the pinpoint accuracy of the measurements.
    Once in a stable environment the ultrasonics are very precise. something
    like a mm or two in a couple of metres. Probably more precise than the
    speed of sound in air of variable pressures would justify, or indeed the expansion of the oil in warmer temperatures.

    LOL.

    Maybe I have built the world's most complicated barometer.

    --
    ?it should be clear by now to everyone that activist environmentalism
    (or environmental activism) is becoming a general ideology about humans,
    about their freedom, about the relationship between the individual and
    the state, and about the manipulation of people under the guise of a
    'noble' idea. It is not an honest pursuit of 'sustainable development,'
    a matter of elementary environmental protection, or a search for
    rational mechanisms designed to achieve a healthy environment. Yet
    things do occur that make you shake your head and remind yourself that
    you live neither in Joseph Stalin?s Communist era, nor in the Orwellian
    utopia of 1984.?

    Vaclav Klaus


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Fri Dec 12 12:10:02 2025
    On 12/12/2025 11:19, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-12-12 11:26, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:06, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-12-10 11:24, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 10/12/2025 10:02, c186282 wrote:
    On 12/10/25 04:14, Andy Burns wrote:
    c186282 wrote:


    Now off to write the software that will look at it for me and warn
    me of things by email.
    So I can get on with the next project.

    You mentioned thieves stealing fuel. You can also monitor for that.
    You would need a fuel flow meter on the fuel line, or a sensor
    telling when the furnace is working. Compare with the tank level
    decreasing rapidly.


    The problem is that the sensor I built on the tank has no power except
    batteries: So it only wakes up occasionally and draws nanoamps in
    between.
    I have completed the warning software that looks for low oil levels,
    loss of communication, a failing battery and unexpected changes in oil
    level, BUT it cannot do that in real time as the unit is only powered
    up for a minute or so every couple of hours.

    Depending on how long the batteries last I may increase the frequency
    of operation. But it can never be 'real time'

    Ah.

    What about a small solar panel and rechargeable batteries?


    Yes. That is in the 'lemme think about that' pile...
    Not that there is much sun here..

    At this time of year.

    And where the tank it is likely to get overgrown or shat on by birds



    --
    ?The ultimate result of shielding men from the effects of folly is to
    fill the world with fools.?

    Herbert Spencer


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Fri Dec 12 12:10:58 2025
    On 12/12/2025 11:41, Andy Burns wrote:
    The Natural Philosopher wrote:

    Well the daemon runs under xinetd...for sheer laziness. I guess I
    could make it UDP.

    But I don't know what problem that would solve.

    The data would arrive if a single packet got through the fog, whereas
    with tcp at least dour packets on sequence need to make it (or get
    retried) with UDP you could afford to spray each packet half a dozen
    times and if one of them makes it, you're good ...



    Oh, ok...

    --
    ?The ultimate result of shielding men from the effects of folly is to
    fill the world with fools.?

    Herbert Spencer


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From c186282@3:633/10 to All on Sat Dec 13 22:30:00 2025
    On 12/12/25 06:41, Andy Burns wrote:
    The Natural Philosopher wrote:

    Well the daemon runs under xinetd...for sheer laziness. I guess I
    could make it UDP.

    But I don't know what problem that would solve.

    The data would arrive if a single packet got through the fog, whereas
    with tcp at least dour packets on sequence need to make it (or get
    retried) with UDP you could afford to spray each packet half a dozen
    times and if one of them makes it, you're good ...

    I once made a bi-directional client/server setup,
    first Python, then 'C'. One variant was TCP, the
    other UDP. Probably could have used a config file
    or defs ... but I never got to it.

    On a clean LAN, both worked perfectly. However
    with some outdoor devices (Pi2 + wifi dongle as
    best I recall) both approaches had issues kind
    of similar to what you described.

    TCP, while "error resistant", was often VERY iffy.
    UDP - well - easier/smaller to send. You could
    scan each packet for obvious errors and, if a
    fail, could ask for it again or just let the
    pgm work around to sending that data again.

    For almost all modern apps, TCP is best by far.
    However iffy situations CAN still exist, so
    UDP you add some IQ to MIGHT be better.

    As I've said elsewhere, wifi can sometimes be
    black magic. Weird RF shadows and multipaths
    can be anywhere and it's very hard to tell
    what's perfect placement.

    Hmm ... apparently CANbus can be sent over
    wifi - but you lose some error-checking so
    there's no gain. There are various dongles
    for lower-freq data transmission too, but
    never got around to trying them. Fidelity
    might be worth losing some speed.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Sat Dec 13 13:56:42 2025
    On 2025-12-12 12:28, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:

    Two ideas.

    Some routers can steer the signal horizontally; the technology is
    called "MIMO" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO). You notice because
    the router has multiple antenas, maybe four.

    Then you can replace the antena on the router

    What antenna on the router?

    It's just a wifi bridge with an internal something or other.

    Ah, pity. Many AP have external antenas that are screwed on a socket.


    https://www.netxl.com/wifi-access-points/mikrotik-routerboard- rb951ui-2nd-wifi-4-access-point/

    Its actually very very cheap and has been 'good enough'

    Barely :-)



    or the remote with a
    directional WiFi antena.

    That gets complicated. I am trying easy shit first :-)

    P Pico W doesn't have an 'antenna' either. Just some PCB traces.

    Yeah, well.


    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi
    antenna". I made one and it actually works. But maybe they are sold, too.

    Everything is possible. I am lazy. I do what is necessary to achieve
    desired result and no more.

    For now I seem to have adequate connectivity.

    Of course, that is enough.


    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Sat Dec 13 13:30:38 2025
    On 2025-12-13 05:42, c186282 wrote:
    On 12/12/25 06:19, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-12-12 11:26, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:06, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-12-10 11:24, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 10/12/2025 10:02, c186282 wrote:
    On 12/10/25 04:14, Andy Burns wrote:


    What about a small solar panel and rechargeable batteries?


    ˙ Seeed sells the "LiPo Rider Plus". After checking
    ˙ several brands of 'solar charge controllers' these
    ˙ were the ones I chose to power my field projects.
    ˙ Most of the others did NOT cap the voltage very
    ˙ well, or at all, so the sun comes out bright and you
    ˙ might send 6+ into your 3.1v device.

    ˙ Combined with a 3 to 5 watt panel they'll keep even
    ˙ intermittent non-nano-power projects going.

    ˙ Beware the quality of the batteries though ... got
    ˙ some no-names, about 50x50x10mm square, that were
    ˙ generally good - but one DID explode on me, inside
    ˙ the office building, when I barely touched it. Had
    ˙ not been charged for months either. Oh well, nothing
    ˙ to do but watch the big crimson flame .......

    ˙ Fire control IS a priority with lithiums.


    Huh. That's not good when the thing is intended to be near a oil tank.

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Sat Dec 13 13:57:10 2025
    On 2025-12-12 11:41, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-12-09 11:47, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    First of all thanks to all those who responded on my first efforts to
    put a battery power Pi Pico W outside and have it phone home.

    Having eliminated temperature and supply voltage as issues, I delved
    into wifi and router logs, and it was clear that it was sometimes
    getting a DHCP lease and even occasionally opening a TCP/IP
    connections and sending data. And might be dependent on where I
    parked the car and the weather.

    I tried putting a tin tray behind the router and that made it worse.

    Now the layout was that a ground floor router through the window and
    the garage was not very good at about 30m range.

    Then I remembered I had put an Ethernet port in an upstairs bedroom
    by the window in case I wanted to use it as an office.

    It was further away - 35m or so - but much less cluttered path. It
    just had to go through a corner of the garage.

    Instantly the router reported about 8-10dB more signal and almost
    reliable comms resulted.

    Two ideas.

    Some routers can steer the signal horizontally; the technology is
    called "MIMO" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO). You notice because
    the router has multiple antenas, maybe four.

    Then you can replace the antena on the router or the remote with a
    directional WiFi antena. Home made with a box of Pringles. just google
    for "pringles wifi antenna". I made one and it actually works. But
    maybe they are sold, too.

    I sorta tried that without huge success, In fact I am getting up to 12dB variation in signal due to who knows what?

    The setup is all somewhat experimental. At least˙ for now the software
    is more or less stable - I have a few hanging daemons if the link goes
    down mid message - but that is easily fixed .

    ...

    And I knew all that trig would come in handy one day :-)

    You can calculate it numerically on a computer, by calculating the
    aproximate integral ;-)

    Huh? it can be as exact as your measurements are.
    No 'approximations' here...

    ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ diameter= tankDepth - offset;
    ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ radius = diameter * 0.5;
    ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ y = echoDepth - offset -radius;
    ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ theta = asin( y / radius);
    ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ x = radius * cos(theta);
    ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ pie= radius * radius * theta;
    ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ delta = x * y;
    ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ area= (M_PI * radius *radius)/2 - (pie + delta);
    ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ volume=(area/(M_PI * radius *radius ))*tankVolume;

    That is about ultimately three days of work. It is redundant but I think
    gcc can optimise out the intermediary variables that I used to make sure even I could understand it.

    You can aproximate the chord with a rectangle. If you divide the chord
    in two, it is two rectangles. Up to a thousand rectangles, or a million.
    The numerical result is close to the real result with a math formula.
    Kind of Runge-Kutta.

    :-D

    Or ask ChatGPT for the formula. I sure don't remember it, I doubt I ever
    saw it.





    What has been encouraging is the pinpoint accuracy of the measurements.
    Once in a stable environment the ultrasonics are very precise. something like a mm or two in a couple of metres. Probably more precise than the
    speed of sound in air of variable pressures would justify, or indeed the expansion of the oil in warmer temperatures.

    LOL.

    Maybe I have built the world's most complicated barometer.



    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From John R Walliker@3:633/10 to All on Sun Dec 14 19:22:18 2025
    On 13/12/2025 12:56, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-12-12 12:28, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:

    Two ideas.

    Some routers can steer the signal horizontally; the technology is
    called "MIMO" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO). You notice
    because the router has multiple antenas, maybe four.

    Then you can replace the antena on the router

    What antenna on the router?

    It's just a wifi bridge with an internal something or other.

    Ah, pity. Many AP have external antenas that are screwed on a socket.


    https://www.netxl.com/wifi-access-points/mikrotik-routerboard-
    rb951ui-2nd-wifi-4-access-point/

    Its actually very very cheap and has been 'good enough'

    Barely :-)



    or the remote with a
    directional WiFi antena.

    That gets complicated. I am trying easy shit first :-)

    P Pico W doesn't have an 'antenna' either. Just some PCB traces.

    Yeah, well.



    Actually it is a slot antenna. There is a gap in the ground plane which
    is equivalent to a dipole. It works remarkably well for its size.

    John


    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi
    antenna". I made one and it actually works. But maybe they are sold,
    too.

    Everything is possible. I am lazy. I do what is necessary to achieve
    desired result and no more.

    For now I seem to have adequate connectivity.

    Of course, that is enough.




    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From mm0fmf@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 24 07:58:10 2025
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi antenna".

    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too small
    in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws of
    physics! :-)


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 24 20:07:30 2025
    On 24/12/2025 17:00, Kerr-Mudd, John wrote:
    On Wed, 24 Dec 2025 14:23:45 +0000
    The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:

    []
    What I learned was that theory is too simplified to actually be able to
    design a real antenna: All our designs were field tested and adjusted.

    I am not advocating Pringle cans. I wouldnt use one myself. But I am
    not so quick to rubbish them as you are.

    RF propagation is tricky, and real world objects of no apparent value
    often have enormous effects.


    Prsumably you're saying Mythbusters-style "not proven"?


    I am saying that a blanket denial 'because the theory says no' is not
    good enough for me, personally.

    To make a waveguide, which is analysable, is quite tricky. To throw
    something in place that 'does something' and clearly is *not* a
    waveguide, and is essentially unanalysable, is another matter.

    With Gigahertz, as with Heffalumps, you never know...


    --
    If I had all the money I've spent on drink...
    ..I'd spend it on drink.

    Sir Henry (at Rawlinson's End)


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Lars Poulsen@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 25 10:30:02 2025
    [Folloup-to alt.unix.geeks]

    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi antenna".

    On 2025-12-24, mm0fmf <none@invalid.com> wrote:
    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too small
    in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws of physics! :-)

    As a wireless applications engineer, I have always shaken my head
    at the pringles can antenna, which if well made can have a gain up
    to at most 8 dBi or so. For less than $50, you can buy a professinally
    made flat patch antenna with 8 dBi gain at L-com.com. Apparently, you
    can find used ones on eBay for under $30, but why take the risk?
    If you need circular polarization, it will be closer to $75.
    --
    Lars Poulsen - an old geek in Santa Barbara, California

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Kerr-Mudd, John@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 24 17:00:18 2025
    On Wed, 24 Dec 2025 14:23:45 +0000
    The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:

    []
    What I learned was that theory is too simplified to actually be able to design a real antenna: All our designs were field tested and adjusted.

    I am not advocating Pringle cans. I wouldnt use one myself. But I am
    not so quick to rubbish them as you are.

    RF propagation is tricky, and real world objects of no apparent value
    often have enormous effects.


    Prsumably you're saying Mythbusters-style "not proven"?



    --
    Bah, and indeed Humbug.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From John R Walliker@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 24 14:04:02 2025
    On 24/12/2025 12:16, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 07:58, mm0fmf wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi
    antenna".

    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too
    small in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Assuming that is a relevant issue.

    Shouting down a pipe whose diameter is way less than the wavlength of
    voice frequencies, still works....

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws of
    physics! :-)


    ..especially for people who don't fully understand them...

    Indeed. And I'm sure you are perfectly well aware of the difference
    between longitudinal sound waves propagating down a narrow pipe and
    transverse electromagnetic waves in a waveguide.
    If a Pringles can were highly conductive it would have a cutoff
    frequency of close to 2.4GHz so the attenuation would be very high.
    However, a very thin layer of aluminium on the inside of a cardboard
    tube will be so resistive that it will not make a lot of difference.
    For many purposes a well made half-wave dipole or quarter-wave
    monopole gives excellent results which are far better than anything
    that can be achieved with small pcb antennas.

    A quarter wave monopole made from relatively thick wire or rod can
    be an excellent match to 50 ohm coax so long as the ground plane
    is at least a few wavelengths across.

    A half-wave dipole combined with a coaxial balun can also be a very
    good match but has a slightly narrower bandwidth due to the
    frequency dependency of the coax balun. The choice of which one to
    use depends mostly on how the antenna is to be mounted.

    An almost omnidirectional antenna with very low losses can be
    more effective than a lossy directional one.

    John


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 24 14:23:44 2025
    On 24/12/2025 14:04, John R Walliker wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 12:16, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 07:58, mm0fmf wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi
    antenna".

    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too
    small in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Assuming that is a relevant issue.

    Shouting down a pipe whose diameter is way less than the wavlength of
    voice frequencies, still works....

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws of
    physics! :-)


    ..especially for people who don't fully understand them...

    Indeed.˙ And I'm sure you are perfectly well aware of the difference
    between longitudinal sound waves propagating down a narrow pipe and transverse electromagnetic waves in a waveguide.

    An antenna is not a waveguide.



    If a Pringles can were highly conductive it would have a cutoff
    frequency of close to 2.4GHz so the attenuation would be very high.
    However, a very thin layer of aluminium on the inside of a cardboard
    tube will be so resistive that it will not make a lot of difference.
    A statement which clearly contradicts the well known skin effect of
    conductirs at high frequencies.

    For many purposes a well made half-wave dipole or quarter-wave
    monopole gives excellent results which are far better than anything
    that can be achieved with small pcb antennas.

    Sure. Most routers come with wavelength sized wobbly penises that give
    you a few dB.

    A quarter wave monopole made from relatively thick wire or rod can
    be an excellent match to 50 ohm coax so long as the ground plane
    is at least a few wavelengths across.

    A half-wave dipole combined with a coaxial balun can also be a very
    good match but has a slightly narrower bandwidth due to the
    frequency dependency of the coax balun.˙ The choice of which one to
    use depends mostly on how the antenna is to be mounted.

    An almost omnidirectional antenna with very low losses can be
    more effective than a lossy directional one.


    John


    Nevertheless I have seem that sort of design work.
    I worked around radar antennae briefly in the 1960s.

    What I learned was that theory is too simplified to actually be able to
    design a real antenna: All our designs were field tested and adjusted.

    I am not advocating Pringle cans. I wouldnt use one myself. But I am
    not so quick to rubbish them as you are.

    RF propagation is tricky, and real world objects of no apparent value
    often have enormous effects.


    --
    The lifetime of any political organisation is about three years before
    its been subverted by the people it tried to warn you about.

    Anon.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 24 12:16:26 2025
    On 24/12/2025 07:58, mm0fmf wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi
    antenna".

    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too small
    in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Assuming that is a relevant issue.

    Shouting down a pipe whose diameter is way less than the wavlength of
    voice frequencies, still works....

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws of physics! :-)


    ..especially for people who don't fully understand them...
    --
    "It was a lot more fun being 20 in the 70's that it is being 70 in the 20's" Joew Walsh


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Lars Poulsen@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 25 12:30:02 2025
    [See also my previous followup - also shifting to alt.

    On 2025-12-24, John R Walliker <jrwalliker@gmail.com> wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 12:16, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 07:58, mm0fmf wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi
    antenna".

    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too
    small in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Assuming that is a relevant issue.

    Shouting down a pipe whose diameter is way less than the wavlength of
    voice frequencies, still works....

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws of
    physics! :-)


    ..especially for people who don't fully understand them...

    Indeed. And I'm sure you are perfectly well aware of the difference
    between longitudinal sound waves propagating down a narrow pipe and transverse electromagnetic waves in a waveguide.
    If a Pringles can were highly conductive it would have a cutoff
    frequency of close to 2.4GHz so the attenuation would be very high.
    However, a very thin layer of aluminium on the inside of a cardboard
    tube will be so resistive that it will not make a lot of difference.
    For many purposes a well made half-wave dipole or quarter-wave
    monopole gives excellent results which are far better than anything
    that can be achieved with small pcb antennas.

    A quarter wave monopole made from relatively thick wire or rod can
    be an excellent match to 50 ohm coax so long as the ground plane
    is at least a few wavelengths across.

    A half-wave dipole combined with a coaxial balun can also be a very
    good match but has a slightly narrower bandwidth due to the
    frequency dependency of the coax balun. The choice of which one to
    use depends mostly on how the antenna is to be mounted.

    An almost omnidirectional antenna with very low losses can be
    more effective than a lossy directional one.

    John



    --
    Lars Poulsen - an old geek in Santa Barbara, California

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From mm0fmf@3:633/10 to All on Wed Dec 24 23:17:40 2025
    On 24/12/2025 20:07, The Natural Philosopher wrote:

    With Gigahertz, as with Heffalumps, you never know...

    Some of us do know.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 25 03:23:14 2025
    On 24/12/2025 23:17, mm0fmf wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 20:07, The Natural Philosopher wrote:

    With Gigahertz, as with Heffalumps, you never know...

    Some of us do know.

    Some of us have worked with RF.

    --
    ?I know that most men, including those at ease with problems of the greatest complexity, can seldom accept even the simplest and most
    obvious truth if it be such as would oblige them to admit the falsity of conclusions which they have delighted in explaining to colleagues, which
    they have proudly taught to others, and which they have woven, thread by thread, into the fabric of their lives.?

    ? Leo Tolstoy


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 25 03:34:30 2025
    On 25/12/2025 03:25, Robert Riches wrote:
    On 2025-12-24, mm0fmf <none@invalid.com> wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi antenna". >>
    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too small
    in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws of
    physics! :-)

    If you need a different diameter and know what diameter you need,
    any decent hardware store or home improvement big-box store in
    the US and perhaps elsewhere will have a wide assortment of sizes
    of PVC, ABS, and metal pipes and round conduits. Some adhesive
    and copper foil would seem likely to be useful for making the
    plastic types useable.

    If I felt that a design of any sort could be connected to a Pi Pico W I
    would 3D print it.
    But in the end the simpler approach was to create a wifi point higher up.

    Signal strength varies wildly, but enough transmissions get through...

    --
    "Strange as it seems, no amount of learning can cure stupidity, and
    higher education positively fortifies it."

    - Stephen Vizinczey



    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From c186282@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 25 20:00:02 2025
    On 12/24/25 15:07, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 17:00, Kerr-Mudd, John wrote:
    On Wed, 24 Dec 2025 14:23:45 +0000
    The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:

    []
    What I learned was that theory is too simplified to actually be able to
    design a real antenna: All our designs were field tested and adjusted.

    I am not advocating Pringle cans.˙ I wouldnt use one myself. But I am
    not so quick to rubbish them as you are.

    RF propagation is tricky, and real world objects of no apparent value
    often have enormous effects.


    Prsumably you're saying Mythbusters-style "not proven"?


    I am saying that a blanket denial 'because the theory says no' is not
    good enough for me, personally.

    To make a waveguide, which is analysable, is quite tricky. To throw something in place that 'does something' and clearly is *not* a
    waveguide, and is essentially unanalysable, is another matter.

    With Gigahertz, as with Heffalumps, you never know...

    Yep, once you get into gHz things get really weird.

    "Solutions" here can work for NO GOOD REASON, pure
    chance, funky reflections.

    Moved a unit literally four inches the other day and
    the data rate went up nearly 5X.

    Yes, a cheapo foil-lined tube CAN be a a waveguide,
    but the math has to work out.

    Me, I can't use waveguides because I need an OMNI
    signal the way things are spaced out in my home.
    I use one, sometimes two, wifi repeaters instead.
    Fairly cheap, work well.


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Robert Riches@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 25 03:25:38 2025
    On 2025-12-24, mm0fmf <none@invalid.com> wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi antenna".

    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too small
    in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws of physics! :-)

    If you need a different diameter and know what diameter you need,
    any decent hardware store or home improvement big-box store in
    the US and perhaps elsewhere will have a wide assortment of sizes
    of PVC, ABS, and metal pipes and round conduits. Some adhesive
    and copper foil would seem likely to be useful for making the
    plastic types useable.

    --
    Robert Riches
    spamtrap42@jacob21819.net
    (Yes, that is one of my email addresses.)

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Kerr-Mudd, John@3:633/10 to All on Thu Dec 25 10:43:18 2025
    On Thu, 25 Dec 2025 03:34:30 +0000
    The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:

    On 25/12/2025 03:25, Robert Riches wrote:
    On 2025-12-24, mm0fmf <none@invalid.com> wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi antenna".

    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too small
    in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws of
    physics! :-)

    If you need a different diameter and know what diameter you need,
    any decent hardware store or home improvement big-box store in
    the US and perhaps elsewhere will have a wide assortment of sizes
    of PVC, ABS, and metal pipes and round conduits. Some adhesive
    and copper foil would seem likely to be useful for making the
    plastic types useable.

    If I felt that a design of any sort could be connected to a Pi Pico W I would 3D print it.
    But in the end the simpler approach was to create a wifi point higher up.

    Signal strength varies wildly, but enough transmissions get through...



    But what do I do with all these spare Pringle tubes:-?


    --
    Bah, and indeed Humbug.

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:633/10 to All on Sat Dec 27 23:31:48 2025
    On 27/12/2025 20:51, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-12-24 15:23, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 14:04, John R Walliker wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 12:16, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 07:58, mm0fmf wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi
    antenna".

    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too
    small in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Assuming that is a relevant issue.

    Shouting down a pipe whose diameter is way less than the wavlength
    of voice frequencies, still works....

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws
    of physics! :-)


    ..especially for people who don't fully understand them...

    Indeed.˙ And I'm sure you are perfectly well aware of the difference
    between longitudinal sound waves propagating down a narrow pipe and
    transverse electromagnetic waves in a waveguide.

    An antenna is not a waveguide.



    If a Pringles can were highly conductive it would have a cutoff
    frequency of close to 2.4GHz so the attenuation would be very high.
    However, a very thin layer of aluminium on the inside of a cardboard
    tube will be so resistive that it will not make a lot of difference.
    A statement which clearly contradicts the well known skin effect of
    conductirs at high frequencies.

    For many purposes a well made half-wave dipole or quarter-wave
    monopole gives excellent results which are far better than anything
    that can be achieved with small pcb antennas.

    Sure. Most routers come with wavelength sized wobbly penises that give
    you a few dB.

    A quarter wave monopole made from relatively thick wire or rod can
    be an excellent match to 50 ohm coax so long as the ground plane
    is at least a few wavelengths across.

    A half-wave dipole combined with a coaxial balun can also be a very
    good match but has a slightly narrower bandwidth due to the
    frequency dependency of the coax balun.˙ The choice of which one to
    use depends mostly on how the antenna is to be mounted.

    An almost omnidirectional antenna with very low losses can be
    more effective than a lossy directional one.


    John


    Nevertheless I have seem that sort of design work.
    I worked around radar antennae briefly in the 1960s.

    What I learned was that theory is too simplified to actually be able
    to design a real antenna: All our designs were field tested and adjusted.

    I am not advocating Pringle cans.˙ I wouldnt use one myself. But I am
    not so quick to rubbish them as you are.

    RF propagation is tricky, and real world objects of no apparent value
    often have enormous effects.

    I just say that once I built a Pringles antenna at a training course,
    and it does work. Inside the tube there is a threaded metal rod with a number of nuts and washers that had to be put at precise distances
    according to the instructions we followed.

    Black magic.

    Sounds like a primitive Yagi...

    We did not have any tool to measure gain, but indeed the router read a higher signal that with its manufacturer antena. And it was directional.
    I can not give any number because I don't remember where my notes are.

    Always hard to tell anyway.


    Back to the original subject of the thread and to topic; Some of the
    designs out there just put an USB dongle inside the tube, and they work, somehow. No need to actually have a wifi card with socket for the
    antenna. If the Pi is small enough (I have no idea) there will be
    designs out there using it.

    As I said, I took the shortest route to success - relocated the wifi
    point to higher up with less obstructions, and added a suicide alarm to
    kill the receiving process if the signal fails mid message...

    I will have to add another wifi point to replace the one I stole, for
    next summer when that part of the garden is in use :-)

    --
    "Anyone who believes that the laws of physics are mere social
    conventions is invited to try transgressing those conventions from the
    windows of my apartment. (I live on the twenty-first floor.) "

    Alan Sokal


    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)
  • From Carlos E.R.@3:633/10 to All on Sat Dec 27 21:51:56 2025
    On 2025-12-24 15:23, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 14:04, John R Walliker wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 12:16, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
    On 24/12/2025 07:58, mm0fmf wrote:
    On 11/12/2025 21:18, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    Home made with a box of Pringles. just google for "pringles wifi
    antenna".

    Also Google cutoff frequency and see that the Pringle tube is too
    small in diameter to be effective at 2.4GHz.

    Assuming that is a relevant issue.

    Shouting down a pipe whose diameter is way less than the wavlength of
    voice frequencies, still works....

    Of course, designs on the internet do not have to follow the laws of
    physics! :-)


    ..especially for people who don't fully understand them...

    Indeed.˙ And I'm sure you are perfectly well aware of the difference
    between longitudinal sound waves propagating down a narrow pipe and
    transverse electromagnetic waves in a waveguide.

    An antenna is not a waveguide.



    If a Pringles can were highly conductive it would have a cutoff
    frequency of close to 2.4GHz so the attenuation would be very high.
    However, a very thin layer of aluminium on the inside of a cardboard
    tube will be so resistive that it will not make a lot of difference.
    A statement which clearly contradicts the well known skin effect of conductirs at high frequencies.

    For many purposes a well made half-wave dipole or quarter-wave
    monopole gives excellent results which are far better than anything
    that can be achieved with small pcb antennas.

    Sure. Most routers come with wavelength sized wobbly penises that give
    you a few dB.

    A quarter wave monopole made from relatively thick wire or rod can
    be an excellent match to 50 ohm coax so long as the ground plane
    is at least a few wavelengths across.

    A half-wave dipole combined with a coaxial balun can also be a very
    good match but has a slightly narrower bandwidth due to the
    frequency dependency of the coax balun.˙ The choice of which one to
    use depends mostly on how the antenna is to be mounted.

    An almost omnidirectional antenna with very low losses can be
    more effective than a lossy directional one.


    John


    Nevertheless I have seem that sort of design work.
    I worked around radar antennae briefly in the 1960s.

    What I learned was that theory is too simplified to actually be able to design a real antenna: All our designs were field tested and adjusted.

    I am not advocating Pringle cans.˙ I wouldnt use one myself. But I am
    not so quick to rubbish them as you are.

    RF propagation is tricky, and real world objects of no apparent value
    often have enormous effects.

    I just say that once I built a Pringles antenna at a training course,
    and it does work. Inside the tube there is a threaded metal rod with a
    number of nuts and washers that had to be put at precise distances
    according to the instructions we followed.

    Black magic.

    We did not have any tool to measure gain, but indeed the router read a
    higher signal that with its manufacturer antena. And it was directional.
    I can not give any number because I don't remember where my notes are.


    Back to the original subject of the thread and to topic; Some of the
    designs out there just put an USB dongle inside the tube, and they work, somehow. No need to actually have a wifi card with socket for the
    antenna. If the Pi is small enough (I have no idea) there will be
    designs out there using it.

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.
    ES??, EU??;

    --- PyGate Linux v1.5.2
    * Origin: Dragon's Lair, PyGate NNTP<>Fido Gate (3:633/10)