Unraveling the humanity in metacognitive ability: Distinguishing human metalearning from AI

Date:
July 10, 2023
Source:
University of Tsukuba
Summary:
'Metarecognition' is the ability to objectively monitor, control,
and improve one's learning ability. Researchers demonstrated that
the human brain exhibits metacognitive abilities that regulate
implicit motor learning to maximize monetary rewards. Unlike
artificial intelligence, which is perpetually optimal, human
metacognition exhibits an asymmetric bias in managing rewards
(monetary gain) and punishments (monetary loss).


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FULL STORY ========================================================================== Monitoring and controlling one's own learning process objectively
is essential for improving one's learning abilities. This ability,
often referred to as "learning to learn" or "metacognition," has been
studied in educational psychology. Owing to the tight coupling between
the higher meta-level and the lower object-level cognitive systems, a conventional reduction approach has difficulty understanding the neural
basis of metacognition. To overcome this limitation, the researchers
employed a novel research approach where they compared the metacognition
of artificial intelligence (AI) to that of humans.

First, they demonstrated that the metacognitive system of AI, which aims
to maximize rewards and minimize punishments, can effectively regulate
learning speed and memory retention in response to the environment and
task. Second, they demonstrated the metacognitive behavior of human
motor learning, which demonstrates that providing monetary feedback as
a function of memory can either promote or suppress motor learning and
memory retention. This constitutes the first-ever empirical demonstration
of the bi-directional regulation of implicit motor learning abilities
by economic factors. Notably, while AI exhibited equal metacognitive
abilities for reward and punishment, humans exhibited an asymmetric
response to monetary gain and loss; humans adjust their memory retention
in response to gain and their learning speed in response to loss. This asymmetric property may provide valuable insights into the neural
mechanisms underlying human metacognition.

Researchers anticipate that these findings could be effectively applied
to enhance the learning abilities of individuals engaging in new sports
or motor- related activities, such as post-stroke rehabilitation training.

This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (JP19H04977, JP19H05729, and JP22H00498). TS was supported by a
JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists and KAKENHI (JP19J20366). NS
was supported by NIH R21 NS120274.

* RELATED_TOPICS
o Mind_&_Brain
# Educational_Psychology # Memory # Intelligence #
Learning_Disorders
o Computers_&_Math
# Educational_Technology # Computer_Science #
Mobile_Computing # Mathematical_Modeling
* RELATED_TERMS
o Learning_disability o Hallucination o Pyromania o Cognition o
Aptitude o Artificial_intelligence o Dyslexia o Computer_vision

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========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Taisei Sugiyama, Nicolas Schweighofer, Jun Izawa. Reinforcement
learning
establishes a minimal metacognitive process to monitor and control
motor learning performance. Nature Communications, 2023; 14 (1)
DOI: 10.1038/ s41467-023-39536-9 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230710113618.htm

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