• USB-A Plug-in SSDs for the Pi - recommendations?

    From Chris Green@3:770/3 to All on Mon Dec 11 13:34:02 2023
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    It's a bit of a minefield buying USB sticks I know (and micro SD
    cards), I have several 'fake' capacity micro-SD cards.

    Thus recommendations are useful.

    --
    Chris Green
    ·

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  • From yeti@3:770/3 to All on Mon Dec 11 14:31:10 2023
    I'm using USB3-SATA-adapters caught via Ebay (before Covid days) driving Intenso-120G-SSDs with two Pi4s running Debian/Arm64 (NetBSD-9.99 and
    -10_BETA before that). It just works and feels a lot faster than µSD
    cards, but I never benchmarked it.

    --
    I do not bite, I just want to play.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Chris Green@3:770/3 to yeti on Mon Dec 11 15:01:08 2023
    yeti <yeti@tilde.institute> wrote:
    I'm using USB3-SATA-adapters caught via Ebay (before Covid days) driving Intenso-120G-SSDs with two Pi4s running Debian/Arm64 (NetBSD-9.99 and -10_BETA before that). It just works and feels a lot faster than µSD
    cards, but I never benchmarked it.

    Too bulky, I just want something as tiny as possible to plug directly
    into one of the USB3 sockets. The pi lives behind the control panel
    on my boat and space is limited.

    --
    Chris Green
    ·

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  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Mon Dec 11 15:21:50 2023
    On 11/12/2023 13:34, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    It's a bit of a minefield buying USB sticks I know (and micro SD
    cards), I have several 'fake' capacity micro-SD cards.

    Thus recommendations are useful.

    The SATA SSDS will plug in using a converter cable.

    --
    Renewable energy: Expensive solutions that don't work to a problem that
    doesn't exist instituted by self legalising protection rackets that
    don't protect, masquerading as public servants who don't serve the public.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Chris Green@3:770/3 to The Natural Philosopher on Mon Dec 11 16:00:10 2023
    The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    On 11/12/2023 13:34, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0 sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    It's a bit of a minefield buying USB sticks I know (and micro SD
    cards), I have several 'fake' capacity micro-SD cards.

    Thus recommendations are useful.

    The SATA SSDS will plug in using a converter cable.

    As I said in response to another, too big really. I want the SSD drive
    to be supported by the USB socket, this is in a rather confined space
    behind an instrument panel. I.e. I want an SSD drive in a 'USB stick'
    format.

    --
    Chris Green
    ·

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  • From Mike Scott@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Mon Dec 11 16:20:32 2023
    On 11/12/2023 16:00, Chris Green wrote:
    The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    On 11/12/2023 13:34, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.
    ...

    As I said in response to another, too big really. I want the SSD drive
    to be supported by the USB socket, this is in a rather confined space
    behind an instrument panel. I.e. I want an SSD drive in a 'USB stick' format.


    I 3d-printed a case that holds a Pi4 and a single 3.5" drive, although
    the cable (actually all the cables) sticks out. I think it came from thingiverse. Reasonably compact and robust. I leave it hanging by a
    string from the monitor stand when out and about.


    https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3974307

    (IIRC I had to make a shim to allow for a my hard drive; the SSD I have
    spare is a bit slimmer.)

    --
    Mike Scott
    Harlow, England

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  • From Theo@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Mon Dec 11 17:26:10 2023
    Chris Green <cl@isbd.net> wrote:
    As I said in response to another, too big really. I want the SSD drive
    to be supported by the USB socket, this is in a rather confined space
    behind an instrument panel. I.e. I want an SSD drive in a 'USB stick' format.

    Look at the Sandisk Extreme Pro series. They're a USB stick containing a
    real SATA SSD controller behind a USB to SATA bridge. That means they do
    all the proper wear levelling etc that a SATA SSD does.

    They're a bit pricey though: https://www.amazon.co.uk/SanDisk-Extreme-Solid-State-Flash/dp/B01MU8TZRV/

    One other thing to note is that the earlier versions (I have a collection of 16GB and 32GB sticks) can be a bit tetchy to boot some specific Intel
    systems - since I often use them as installer or live-USB sticks this is annoying. I haven't tried booting a Pi off one.

    Theo

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  • From Jim Jackson@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Mon Dec 11 17:31:34 2023
    On 2023-12-11, Chris Green <cl@isbd.net> wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    It's a bit of a minefield buying USB sticks I know (and micro SD
    cards), I have several 'fake' capacity micro-SD cards.

    Thus recommendations are useful.

    USB3 <---> SATA adapters

    The unpowered ones can usually be used with 2.5in spinning disks and
    SSD's. For best performance, at one time you had to be careful to get
    ones supporting UASP (USB Attached SCSI protocol). Dunno if they all do now. But even a 2.5in HD on non-uasp on USB2 adapter is far better than using
    the SD card!

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  • From Theo@3:770/3 to Theo on Mon Dec 11 18:08:00 2023
    Theo <theom+news@chiark.greenend.org.uk> wrote:
    Chris Green <cl@isbd.net> wrote:
    As I said in response to another, too big really. I want the SSD drive
    to be supported by the USB socket, this is in a rather confined space behind an instrument panel. I.e. I want an SSD drive in a 'USB stick' format.

    Look at the Sandisk Extreme Pro series. They're a USB stick containing a real SATA SSD controller behind a USB to SATA bridge. That means they do
    all the proper wear levelling etc that a SATA SSD does.

    They're a bit pricey though: https://www.amazon.co.uk/SanDisk-Extreme-Solid-State-Flash/dp/B01MU8TZRV/

    Another thing to mention is there are adapters which will turn a 2230 or
    2242 NVMe M.2 into a portly USB stick: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Hausdec-SSD-Enclosure-Enclosure-External-Windows-Black/dp/B0C6K4SBJ1/

    I've not tried them.

    Theo

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  • From Chris Green@3:770/3 to Theo on Mon Dec 11 19:11:50 2023
    Theo <theom+news@chiark.greenend.org.uk> wrote:
    Chris Green <cl@isbd.net> wrote:
    As I said in response to another, too big really. I want the SSD drive
    to be supported by the USB socket, this is in a rather confined space behind an instrument panel. I.e. I want an SSD drive in a 'USB stick' format.

    Look at the Sandisk Extreme Pro series. They're a USB stick containing a real SATA SSD controller behind a USB to SATA bridge. That means they do
    all the proper wear levelling etc that a SATA SSD does.

    They're a bit pricey though: https://www.amazon.co.uk/SanDisk-Extreme-Solid-State-Flash/dp/B01MU8TZRV/

    One other thing to note is that the earlier versions (I have a collection of 16GB and 32GB sticks) can be a bit tetchy to boot some specific Intel
    systems - since I often use them as installer or live-USB sticks this is annoying. I haven't tried booting a Pi off one.

    Thanks, that's the sort of thing I wanted and information like this is
    hard to come by.

    --
    Chris Green
    ·

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  • From Ahem A Rivet's Shot@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Mon Dec 11 19:32:54 2023
    On Mon, 11 Dec 2023 15:01:09 +0000
    Chris Green <cl@isbd.net> wrote:

    Too bulky, I just want something as tiny as possible to plug directly
    into one of the USB3 sockets. The pi lives behind the control panel
    on my boat and space is limited.

    USB/M2 NVMe enclosure perhaps - you'll want USB 3.2 10Gb/s to get
    even close to the performance of the SSD.

    --
    Steve O'Hara-Smith
    Odds and Ends at http://www.sohara.org/
    Host: Beautiful Theory meet Inconvenient Fact
    Obit: Beautiful Theory died today of factual inconsistency

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  • From druck@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Mon Dec 11 21:11:16 2023
    On 11/12/2023 13:34, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    The Samsung T7 is a small format portable SSD with a built in USB 3
    interface.

    ---druck

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Pancho@3:770/3 to yeti on Tue Dec 12 00:00:58 2023
    On 11/12/2023 14:31, yeti wrote:
    I'm using USB3-SATA-adapters caught via Ebay (before Covid days) driving Intenso-120G-SSDs with two Pi4s running Debian/Arm64 (NetBSD-9.99 and -10_BETA before that). It just works and feels a lot faster than µSD
    cards, but I never benchmarked it.

    Read Benchmarks hdparm -Ttv

    Amazon basic SDCard : 40 MB/s
    rpi5 fast SDCard : 75 MB/s
    2.5 hdd via USB rpi4 : 96 MB/s
    SSD via USB rpi4 : 137 MB/s
    NVME opi5 : 186 MB/s

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From 56g.1173@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Tue Dec 12 00:05:20 2023
    On 12/11/23 8:34 AM, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    It's a bit of a minefield buying USB sticks I know (and micro SD
    cards), I have several 'fake' capacity micro-SD cards.

    Thus recommendations are useful.

    Hmm ... I've been using a Pi3 with a magnetic
    Samsung 3tb USB/HDD for years. The Pi produces
    just enough power. Never a prob.

    And the drive is almost exactly the same size as
    the Pi. I literally rubber-banded them together
    and a 4" cable connects.

    NOW, I'd rec a Samsung USB/SSD instead of the
    magnetic, the price/TB is finally pretty good.

    In either case you may want to write a little
    Python script to ensure the drive always gets
    mounted to the SAME place regardless of how
    the BIOS sees it. In my app I find and umount
    it after boot, then re-mount to a predictable
    place. Not much code involved.

    Anyway, what you're asking is VERY do-able. Has
    been for several years.

    As for "sticks" ... some last forever, others
    die a horrible death almost immediately. Brand
    is irrelevant. They are NOT good for mass long-
    term storage. Mostly they're the latest version
    of "sneaker-net". Oh, ever noticed how HOT
    they get and NO heat-sinks. The real "stick" is
    just a circuit-board maybe 8mmx10mm no matter
    the physical size of the stick you buy.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Chris Green@3:770/3 to Pancho on Tue Dec 12 09:21:08 2023
    Pancho <Pancho.Jones@proton.me> wrote:
    On 11/12/2023 14:31, yeti wrote:
    I'm using USB3-SATA-adapters caught via Ebay (before Covid days) driving Intenso-120G-SSDs with two Pi4s running Debian/Arm64 (NetBSD-9.99 and -10_BETA before that). It just works and feels a lot faster than µSD cards, but I never benchmarked it.

    Read Benchmarks hdparm -Ttv

    Amazon basic SDCard : 40 MB/s
    rpi5 fast SDCard : 75 MB/s
    2.5 hdd via USB rpi4 : 96 MB/s
    SSD via USB rpi4 : 137 MB/s
    NVME opi5 : 186 MB/s

    The extra speed of the SSD is nice but what I'm really after is the
    greater robustness with lots of disk writes. This is going to be a
    headless system which is inaccessible (in France) for most of the time
    so long term reliability is the most important issue.

    --
    Chris Green
    ·

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Tue Dec 12 09:32:04 2023
    On 11/12/2023 15:01, Chris Green wrote:
    yeti <yeti@tilde.institute> wrote:
    I'm using USB3-SATA-adapters caught via Ebay (before Covid days) driving
    Intenso-120G-SSDs with two Pi4s running Debian/Arm64 (NetBSD-9.99 and
    -10_BETA before that). It just works and feels a lot faster than µSD
    cards, but I never benchmarked it.

    Too bulky, I just want something as tiny as possible to plug directly
    into one of the USB3 sockets. The pi lives behind the control panel
    on my boat and space is limited.


    The footprint of my PI is almost the same as an SSD. I am at the moment
    working on 3D CAD to design a case for them

    The USB to SATA cables are very short.

    http://vps.templar.co.uk/Odds%20and%20Ends/server.png (3D CAD print)

    Yes, it does increase the overall length of the unit a bit, but it
    should fit behind a panel OK.

    If you don't use a cable, you are going to extend the length even more
    though. By at least the length of the SSD.


    --
    "Nature does not give up the winter because people dislike the cold."

    ― Confucius

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  • From Chris Green@3:770/3 to druck on Tue Dec 12 09:29:16 2023
    druck <news@druck.org.uk> wrote:
    On 11/12/2023 13:34, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0 sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    The Samsung T7 is a small format portable SSD with a built in USB 3 interface.

    USB 3 doesn't mean that it plugs directly into the USB socket on the
    Pi though, that's what I'm really after.

    I also only need 32Gb or so, I suppose much larger capacities give
    more resilience but they really aren't useful. I'm currently using 9%
    of a 32Gb micro SD card and that's unlikely to increase much.

    I was hoping that someone would be making an 'SSD in a USB stick' but
    there doesn't seem to be any such thing. The "SanDisk Extreme PRO
    128GB USB 3.2" drives seem to be the nearest thing to what I want.

    --
    Chris Green
    ·

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  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Tue Dec 12 09:42:56 2023
    On 11/12/2023 16:00, Chris Green wrote:
    > I.e. I want an SSD drive in a 'USB stick'
    format.

    Tough shit then, because they aren't made in that format, and that would
    be just as long as a U shaped cable folding back to place a standard SSD
    right behind the Pi.

    The best you will be able to do is a load of extra height and an NVME card.
    And you may need a i 5 for that. I am not sure the interface used here
    is available on earlier models

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXWu4SUsaY8

    BUT if you are using the USB sockets AT ALL you will have to accomodate
    cables, that will be just as bad as my suggested USB->SATA cable.

    --
    A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on
    its shoes.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: Agency HUB, Dunedin - New Zealand | Fido<>Usenet Gateway (3:770/3)
  • From Pancho@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Tue Dec 12 12:56:26 2023
    On 12/12/2023 09:21, Chris Green wrote:
    Pancho <Pancho.Jones@proton.me> wrote:
    On 11/12/2023 14:31, yeti wrote:
    I'm using USB3-SATA-adapters caught via Ebay (before Covid days) driving >>> Intenso-120G-SSDs with two Pi4s running Debian/Arm64 (NetBSD-9.99 and
    -10_BETA before that). It just works and feels a lot faster than µSD
    cards, but I never benchmarked it.

    Read Benchmarks hdparm -Ttv

    Amazon basic SDCard : 40 MB/s
    rpi5 fast SDCard : 75 MB/s
    2.5 hdd via USB rpi4 : 96 MB/s
    SSD via USB rpi4 : 137 MB/s
    NVME opi5 : 186 MB/s

    The extra speed of the SSD is nice but what I'm really after is the
    greater robustness with lots of disk writes. This is going to be a
    headless system which is inaccessible (in France) for most of the time
    so long term reliability is the most important issue.


    Get an Orange Pi 5. They take a 2242 NVME drive on the back of the
    board, but the board is about 10mm wider and longer than a Raspberry Pi.
    The Opi5 is also low power, compared to a Raspberry Pi 5.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: Agency HUB, Dunedin - New Zealand | Fido<>Usenet Gateway (3:770/3)
  • From Adam Funk@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Tue Dec 12 15:18:56 2023
    On 2023-12-12, Chris Green wrote:

    druck <news@druck.org.uk> wrote:
    On 11/12/2023 13:34, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    The Samsung T7 is a small format portable SSD with a built in USB 3
    interface.

    USB 3 doesn't mean that it plugs directly into the USB socket on the
    Pi though, that's what I'm really after.

    I don't understand this --- I've used a Samsung T7 (as mentioned in
    another post a few minutes ago) and IME the supplied cable does plug
    directly into the USB A socket.



    I also only need 32Gb or so, I suppose much larger capacities give
    more resilience but they really aren't useful. I'm currently using 9%
    of a 32Gb micro SD card and that's unlikely to increase much.

    I was hoping that someone would be making an 'SSD in a USB stick' but
    there doesn't seem to be any such thing. The "SanDisk Extreme PRO
    128GB USB 3.2" drives seem to be the nearest thing to what I want.


    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Chris Green@3:770/3 to Adam Funk on Tue Dec 12 18:21:28 2023
    Adam Funk <a24061@ducksburg.com> wrote:
    On 2023-12-12, Chris Green wrote:

    druck <news@druck.org.uk> wrote:
    On 11/12/2023 13:34, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    The Samsung T7 is a small format portable SSD with a built in USB 3
    interface.

    USB 3 doesn't mean that it plugs directly into the USB socket on the
    Pi though, that's what I'm really after.

    I don't understand this --- I've used a Samsung T7 (as mentioned in
    another post a few minutes ago) and IME the supplied cable does plug
    directly into the USB A socket.

    What I mean is something like a USB stick that plugs straight into the
    USB3 socket, no cable at all.

    --
    Chris Green
    ·

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  • From The Natural Philosopher@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Tue Dec 12 19:11:30 2023
    On 12/12/2023 18:21, Chris Green wrote:
    Adam Funk <a24061@ducksburg.com> wrote:
    On 2023-12-12, Chris Green wrote:

    druck <news@druck.org.uk> wrote:
    On 11/12/2023 13:34, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0 >>>>> sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only >>>>> need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an >>>>> SSD.

    The Samsung T7 is a small format portable SSD with a built in USB 3
    interface.

    USB 3 doesn't mean that it plugs directly into the USB socket on the
    Pi though, that's what I'm really after.

    I don't understand this --- I've used a Samsung T7 (as mentioned in
    another post a few minutes ago) and IME the supplied cable does plug
    directly into the USB A socket.

    What I mean is something like a USB stick that plugs straight into the
    USB3 socket, no cable at all.


    But larger overall than a usb plug and bent cable. Which I just measured
    on my rig as 30mm longer than the Pi, and giving much more flexibility
    as to where the (SATA style) SSD is finally located.


    --
    New Socialism consists essentially in being seen to have your heart in
    the right place whilst your head is in the clouds and your hand is in
    someone else's pocket.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: Agency HUB, Dunedin - New Zealand | Fido<>Usenet Gateway (3:770/3)
  • From Adam Funk@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Tue Dec 12 20:47:18 2023
    On 2023-12-12, Chris Green wrote:

    Adam Funk <a24061@ducksburg.com> wrote:
    On 2023-12-12, Chris Green wrote:

    druck <news@druck.org.uk> wrote:
    On 11/12/2023 13:34, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    The Samsung T7 is a small format portable SSD with a built in USB 3
    interface.

    USB 3 doesn't mean that it plugs directly into the USB socket on the
    Pi though, that's what I'm really after.

    I don't understand this --- I've used a Samsung T7 (as mentioned in
    another post a few minutes ago) and IME the supplied cable does plug
    directly into the USB A socket.

    What I mean is something like a USB stick that plugs straight into the
    USB3 socket, no cable at all.

    Fair enough. (I don't know what the space looks like where you want to
    keep the Pi running.)

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From druck@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Tue Dec 12 21:34:22 2023
    On 12/12/2023 09:29, Chris Green wrote:
    druck <news@druck.org.uk> wrote:
    On 11/12/2023 13:34, Chris Green wrote:
    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    The Samsung T7 is a small format portable SSD with a built in USB 3
    interface.

    USB 3 doesn't mean that it plugs directly into the USB socket on the
    Pi though, that's what I'm really after.

    I'm using 1TB one as a small NAS drive on a Pi 4, a very short cable
    allows it to folder under the body of the Pi.

    I also only need 32Gb or so, I suppose much larger capacities give
    more resilience but they really aren't useful. I'm currently using 9%
    of a 32Gb micro SD card and that's unlikely to increase much.

    I was hoping that someone would be making an 'SSD in a USB stick' but
    there doesn't seem to be any such thing. The "SanDisk Extreme PRO
    128GB USB 3.2" drives seem to be the nearest thing to what I want.

    I would go with that then.

    The closest I've used in a 64GB Samsung bar USB stick. It's metal cased
    but still gets very warm, gives close to USB connected SSD performance.
    They last longer than an SD card or most other USB stick under heavy
    use, but I did have one fail after 5 years.

    ---druck

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  • From RJH@3:770/3 to Chris Green on Wed Dec 13 04:54:12 2023
    On 11 Dec 2023 at 13:34:03 GMT, Chris Green wrote:

    Are there any 'proper' SSDs that plug directly into the Pi's USB-3.0
    sockets? If so can anyone recommend particular makes/models? I only
    need 32Gb (maybe 64Gb) but I'd like the extra reliability/life of an
    SSD.

    It's a bit of a minefield buying USB sticks I know (and micro SD
    cards), I have several 'fake' capacity micro-SD cards.

    Thus recommendations are useful.

    Not an SSD - SanDisk 256GB Ultra Fit USB 3.2. These are certainly quick enough for everyday use - photos, files, videos. I use one on my iMac to store a
    150GB Photos library - as quick as the internal SSD in use. Very cheap build, though, and about the size of a thumbnail, so easy to lose. But for £20, hey.


    --
    Cheers, Rob, Sheffield UK

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