First evidence indicating dinosaur respiratory infection

Date:
February 11, 2022
Source:
University of New Mexico
Summary:
Scientists have discovered the first evidence of a unique
respiratory infection in the fossilized remains of a dinosaur
that lived nearly 150 million years ago. Researchers examined the
remains of an immature diplodocid -- a long-necked herbivorous
sauropod dinosaur, like 'Brontosaurus' - dating back to the Late
Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era. The dinosaur nicknamed 'Dolly,'
discovered in southwest Montana, had evidence of an infection in
the area of its neck vertebrae.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
A group of researchers from around the country, including University of
New Mexico Research Assistant Professor Ewan Wolff, discovered the first evidence of a unique respiratory infection in the fossilized remains of
a dinosaur that lived nearly 150 million years ago.


========================================================================== Researchers examined the remains of an immature diplodocid --
a long-necked herbivorous sauropod dinosaur, like "Brontosaurus" -
dating back to the Late Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era. The dinosaur nicknamed "Dolly," discovered in southwest Montana, had evidence of an infection in the area of its neck vertebrae.

They study, led by Cary Woodruff of the Great Plains Dinosaur Museum, identified never before seen abnormal bony protrusions that had an unusual shape and texture. These protrusions were located in an area of each bone
where they would have been penetrated by air sacs. Air sacs are non-oxygen exchanging parts of the respiratory system in modern birds that are also present in dinosaurs. The air sacs would have ultimately connected to
"Dolly's" lungs and formed part of the dinosaur's complex respiratory
system. CT imaging of the irregular protrusions revealed that they were
made of abnormal bone that most likely formed in response to an infection.

"We've all experienced these same symptoms -- coughing, trouble breathing, fever and here's a 150-million-year-old dinosaur that likely felt as
miserable as we all do when we're sick." Woodruff said.

Researchers say these findings are significant because Dolly was
considered a non-avian dinosaur, and sauropods, like Dolly, did not evolve
to become birds; only avian theropods evolved into birds. The authors
speculate this respiratory infection could have been caused by a fungal infection similar to aspergillosis, a common respiratory illness that
affects birds and reptiles today and can lead to bone infections. In
addition to documenting the first occurrence of such a respiratory
infection in a dinosaur, this fossilized infection also has important anatomical implications for the respiratory system of sauropod dinosaurs.

"This fossil infection in Dolly not only helps us trace the evolutionary history of respiratory-related diseases back in time, but it also gives
us a better understanding of what kinds of diseases dinosaurs were
susceptible to," Woodruff said.

"This would have been a remarkably, visibly sick sauropod," Wolff
said. "We always think of dinosaurs as big and tough, but they got
sick. They had respiratory illnesses like birds do today, in fact, maybe
even the same devastating infections in some cases." The researchers
suggest that if Dolly had been infected with an aspergillosis- like
respiratory infection, it likely experienced flu or pneumonia-like
symptoms such as weight loss, coughing, fever and breathing
difficulties. As aspergillosis can be fatal in birds if untreated,
a potentially similar infection in Dolly could have ultimately caused
the death of the animal.

"We have to continue to expand our knowledge of ancient diseases. If
we look hard enough, we may begin to understand more about the
evolution of immunity and infectious disease," Wolff said. "When we
work together between multiple specialties -- veterinarians, anatomists, paleontologists, paleopathologists, and radiologists we can come away with
a more complete picture of ancient disease." The research group included:
Cary Woodruff, a paleopathologist/veterinarian - - Ewan Wolff (University
of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N.M.), a veterinarian - - Sophie Dennison
(TeleVet Imaging Solutions, Oakton, V.a.), and two paleontologists who
are also medical anatomists -- Mathew Wedel (Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, Calif) and Lawrence Witmer (Ohio University Heritage
College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio).

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_New_Mexico. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Related Multimedia:
* Artist's_impression_of_the_dinosaur ========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. D. Cary Woodruff, Ewan D. S. Wolff, Mathew J. Wedel, Sophie
Dennison,
Lawrence M. Witmer. The first occurrence of an avian-style
respiratory infection in a non-avian dinosaur. Scientific Reports,
2022; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05761-3 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220211102724.htm

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