Inhaled COVID-19 vaccine prevents disease and transmission in animals


Date:
July 8, 2021
Source:
University of Iowa Health Care
Summary:
In a new study assessing the potential of a single-dose, intranasal
COVID-19 vaccine, researchers found that the vaccine fully protects
mice against lethal COVID-19 infection. The vaccine also blocks
animal-to- animal transmission of the virus.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
In a new study assessing the potential of a single-dose, intranasal
COVID-19 vaccine, a team from the University of Iowa and the University of Georgia found that the vaccine fully protects mice against lethal COVID-19 infection. The vaccine also blocks animal-to-animal transmission of the
virus. The findings were published July 2 in the journal Science Advances.


==========================================================================
"The currently available vaccines against COVID-19 are very successful,
but the majority of the world's population is still unvaccinated and there
is a critical need for more vaccines that are easy to use and effective
at stopping disease and transmission," says Paul McCray, MD, professor
of pediatrics- pulmonary medicine, and microbiology and immunology at
the UI Carver College of Medicine, and co-leader of the study. "If
this new COVID-19 vaccine proves effective in people, it may help
block SARS-CoV-2 transmission and help control the COVID-19 pandemic."
Unlike traditional vaccines that require an injection, this vaccine is administered through a nasal spray similar to those commonly used to
vaccinate against influenza. The vaccine used in the study only requires
a single dose and it may be stored at normal refrigerator temperatures
for up to at least three months. Because it is given intranasally, the
vaccine may also be easier to administer, especially for those who have
a fear of needles.

"We have been developing this vaccine platform for more than 20 years,
and we began working on new vaccine formulations to combat COVID-19
during the early days of the pandemic," says Biao He, PhD, a professor
in the University of Georgia's Department of Infectious Diseases in
the College of Veterinary Medicine and co-leader of the study. "Our
preclinical data show that this vaccine not only protects against
infection, but also significantly reduces the chances of transmission."
The experimental vaccine uses a harmless parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)
to deliver the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into cells where it prompts
an immune response that protects against COVID-19 infection. PIV5 is
related to common cold viruses and easily infects different mammals,
including humans, without causing significant disease. The research team
has previously shown that this vaccine platform can completely protect experimental animals from another dangerous coronavirus disease called
Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).

The inhaled PIV5 vaccine developed by the team targets mucosal cells
that line the nasal passages and airways. These cells are the main
entry point for most SARS-CoV-2 infections and the site of early virus replication. Virus produced in these cells can invade deeper into
the lungs and other organs in the body, which can lead to more severe
disease. In addition, virus made in these cells can be easily shed through exhalation allowing transmission from one infected person to others.

The study showed that the vaccine produced a localized immune response, involving antibodies and cellular immunity, that completely protected
mice from fatal doses of SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine also prevented infection
and disease in ferrets and, importantly, appeared to block transmission
of COVID-19 from infected ferrets to their unprotected and uninfected cage-mates.

In addition to McCray, UI researchers involved in the study included Kun
Li, PhD, and associate research scientist, who helped lead the small
animal studies at Iowa, documenting the vaccine's efficacy, and David Meyerholz, PhD, UI professor of pathology.

The research was supported by CyanVac LLC, a startup company based
at University of Georgia that is developing vaccines based on the
PIV5. McCray, who does not have a financial relationship with CyanVac,
also received support from the Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust.

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by
University_of_Iowa_Health_Care. Original written by Jennifer Brown. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Dong An, Kun Li, Dawne K. Rowe, Maria Cristina Huertas Diaz,
Emily F.

Griffin, Ashley C. Beavis, Scott K. Johnson, Ian Padykula, Cheryl A.

Jones, Kelsey Briggs, Geng Li, Yuan Lin, Jiachen Huang, Jarrod
Mousa, Melinda Brindley, Kaori Sakamoto, David K. Meyerholz,
Paul B. McCray, S.

Mark Tompkins, Biao He. Protection of K18-hACE2 mice and ferrets
against SARS-CoV-2 challenge by a single-dose mucosal immunization
with a parainfluenza virus 5-based COVID-19 vaccine. Science
Advances, 2021; 7 (27): eabi5246 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5246 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210708135321.htm

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