Mysterious object unlike anything astronomers have seen before

Date:
January 26, 2022
Source:
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research
Summary:
A team mapping radio waves in the Universe has discovered something
unusual that releases a giant burst of energy three times an hour,
and it's unlike anything astronomers have seen before. Spinning
around in space, the strange object sends out a beam of radiation
that crosses our line of sight, and for a minute in every twenty,
is one of the brightest radio sources in the sky.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
A team mapping radio waves in the Universe has discovered something
unusual that releases a giant burst of energy three times an hour,
and it's unlike anything astronomers have seen before.


==========================================================================
The team who discovered it think it could be a neutron star or a white
dwarf - - collapsed cores of stars -- with an ultra-powerful magnetic
field.

Spinning around in space, the strange object sends out a beam of radiation
that crosses our line of sight, and for a minute in every twenty, is
one of the brightest radio sources in the sky.

Astrophysicist Dr Natasha Hurley-Walker, from the Curtin University node
of the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, led the team
that made the discovery.

"This object was appearing and disappearing over a few hours during our observations," she said.

"That was completely unexpected. It was kind of spooky for an astronomer because there's nothing known in the sky that does that.



==========================================================================
"And it's really quite close to us -- about 4000 lightyears away. It's in
our galactic backyard." The object was discovered by Curtin University
Honours student Tyrone O'Doherty using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) telescope in outback Western Australia and a new technique he developed.

"It's exciting that the source I identified last year has turned out to
be such a peculiar object," said Mr O'Doherty, who is now studying for
a PhD at Curtin.

"The MWA's wide field of view and extreme sensitivity are perfect for
surveying the entire sky and detecting the unexpected." Objects that
turn on and off in the Universe aren't new to astronomers -- they call
them 'transients'.



========================================================================== ICRAR-Curtin astrophysicist and co-author Dr Gemma Anderson said that
"when studying transients, you're watching the death of a massive star
or the activity of the remnants it leaves behind." 'Slow transients'
-- like supernovae -- might appear over the course of a few days and
disappear after a few months.

'Fast transients' -- like a type of neutron star called a pulsar --
flash on and off within milliseconds or seconds.

But Dr Anderson said finding something that turned on for a minute was
really weird.

She said the mysterious object was incredibly bright and smaller than
the Sun, emitting highly-polarised radio waves -- suggesting the object
had an extremely strong magnetic field.

Dr Hurley-Walker said the observations match a predicted astrophysical
object called an 'ultra-long period magnetar'.

"It's a type of slowly spinning neutron star that has been predicted to
exist theoretically," she said.

"But nobody expected to directly detect one like this because we didn't
expect them to be so bright.

"Somehow it's converting magnetic energy to radio waves much more
effectively than anything we've seen before." Dr Hurley-Walker is now monitoring the object with the MWA to see if it switches back on.

"If it does, there are telescopes across the Southern Hemisphere and
even in orbit that can point straight to it," she said.

Dr Hurley-Walker plans to search for more of these unusual objects in
the vast archives of the MWA.

"More detections will tell astronomers whether this was a rare one-off
event or a vast new population we'd never noticed before," she said.

MWA Director Professor Steven Tingay said the telescope is a precursor instrument for the Square Kilometre Array -- a global initiative to
build the world's largest radio telescopes in Western Australia and
South Africa.

"Key to finding this object, and studying its detailed properties,
is the fact that we have been able to collect and store all the data
the MWA produces for almost the last decade at the Pawsey Research Supercomputing Centre. Being able to look back through such a massive
dataset when you find an object is pretty unique in astronomy," he said.

"There are, no doubt, many more gems to be discovered by the MWA and
the SKA in coming years." The Murchison Widefield Array is located
on the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in Western Australia. The observatory is managed by CSIRO, Australia's national science agency, and
was established with the support of the Australian and Western Australian Governments. We acknowledge the Wajarri Yamatji as the traditional owners
of the observatory site.

The Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre in Perth-a Tier 1 publicly
funded national supercomputing facility-helped store and process the
MWA observations used in this research.

Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) is a member of the MWA. China's
SKA Regional Centre Prototype, funded by the Ministry of Science and
Technology of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is hosted by SHAO
and contributed to processing the MWA observations used in this research.

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by International_Centre_for_Radio_Astronomy_Research. Note: Content may be
edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Related Multimedia:
* Images_and_video_of_mysterious_repeating_transient ========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. N. Hurley-Walker, X. Zhang, A. Bahramian, S. J. McSweeney, T. N.

O'Doherty, P. J. Hancock, J. S. Morgan, G. E. Anderson, G. H. Heald,
T.

J. Galvin. A radio transient with unusually slow periodic emission.

Nature, 2022; 601 (7894): 526 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04272-x ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220126122424.htm

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