Bumblebees learn new 'trends' in their behavior by watching and learning


Date:
March 7, 2023
Source:
Queen Mary University of London
Summary:
A new study has shown that bumblebees pick up new 'trends' in their
behavior by watching and learning from other bees, and that one
form of a behavior can spread rapidly through a colony even when
a different version gets discovered.


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FULL STORY ==========================================================================
A new study has shown that bumblebees pick up new "trends" in their
behaviour by watching and learning from other bees, and that one form
of a behaviour can spread rapidly through a colony even when a different version gets discovered.


==========================================================================
The research, led by Queen Mary University of London and published in
PLOS Biology, provides strong evidence that social learning drives the
spread of bumblebee behaviour -- in this case, precisely how they forage
for food.

A variety of experiments were set up to establish this. The researchers designed a two-option puzzle box that could be opened either by pushing
a red tab clockwise or a blue tab counter-clockwise to reveal a 50 per
cent sucrose solution reward.

'Demonstrator' bees were trained to use either the red or blue tabs, with 'observer' bees watching. When it was the observers' turn to tackle the
puzzle, they overwhelmingly and repeatedly chose to use the same method
that they had seen, even after discovering the alternative option. This preference for the taught option was maintained by whole colonies of bees,
with a mean of 98.6% of box openings made using the taught method.

The importance of social learning to the acquisition of puzzle box
solutions was also illustrated through the control group, which lacked
a demonstrator. In this group, some bees managed to open the puzzle
boxes, but did so far fewer times than those who benefitted from seeing
another bee do it first. The median number of boxes opened in a day by
the observer bees with a demonstrator was 28 boxes a day, whereas it
was only 1 for the control colony.

In an additional experiment, the researchers put both 'blue' and 'red' demonstrators into the same populations of bees. In the first population,
97.3% of the 263 incidents of box-opening by observers by day 12 used
the red method.

In the second population, observers preferred the blue method over
the red on all days except one. In both cases, this demonstrated how
a behavioural trend might emerge in a population in the first place --
for the most part, due to experienced bees retiring from foraging and new learners arising, rather than any bees changing their preferred behaviour.

Similar results from similar experiments have been used in species such
as primates and birds to suggest that they, like humans, are capable
of culture.

If bumblebees are capable of this, too, this could potentially explain
the evolutionary origin of many of the complex behaviours seen among
social insects. It might be possible that what now appears instinctive
could have been socially learnt, at least originally.

Dr Alice Bridges, the lead author from Queen Mary University of London,
said: "Bumblebees -- and, indeed, invertebrates in general -- aren't known
to show culture-like phenomena in the wild. However, in our experiments,
we saw the spread and maintenance of a behavioural "trend" in groups of bumblebees - - similar to what has been seen in primates and birds. The behavioural repertoires of social insects like these bumblebees are some
of the most intricate on the planet, yet most of this is still thought
to be instinctive.

Our research suggests that social learning may have had a greater
influence on the evolution of this behaviour than previously imagined." Professor Lars Chittka, Professor of Sensory and Behavioural Ecology
at Queen Mary University of London and author of the book 'The Mind of
a Bee', said: "The fact that bees can watch and learn, and then make a
habit of that behaviour, adds to the ever-growing body of evidence that
they are far smarter creatures than a lot of people give them credit for.

"We tend to overlook the "alien civilisations" formed by bees, ants
and wasps on our planet -- because they are small-bodied and their
societies and architectural constructions seem governed by instinct
at first glance. Our research shows, however, that new innovations can
spread like social media memes through insect colonies, indicating that
they can respond to wholly new environmental challenges much faster than
by evolutionary changes, which would take many generations to manifest."
* RELATED_TOPICS
o Plants_&_Animals
# Insects_(including_Butterflies) # Behavioral_Science #
Animal_Learning_and_Intelligence # Mating_and_Breeding
# Agriculture_and_Food # Beer_and_Wine # Animals #
Ecology_Research
* RELATED_TERMS
o Characteristics_of_common_wasps_and_bees o Neuroscience o
Bee o Instinct o Beekeeping o Africanized_bee o Sociobiology
o Comparative_psychology

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Queen_Mary_University_of_London. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Alice D. Bridges, HaDi MaBouDi, Olga Procenko, Charlotte Lockwood,
Yaseen
Mohammed, Amelia Kowalewska, Jose' Eric Romero Gonza'lez, Joseph L.

Woodgate, Lars Chittka. Bumblebees acquire alternative puzzle-box
solutions via social learning. PLOS Biology, 2023; 21 (3): e3002019
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002019 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230307144358.htm

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