Scientists dive deep into the different effects of morning and evening exercise

Date:
January 13, 2022
Source:
Helmholtz Zentrum Mu"nchen - German Research Center for
Environmental Health
Summary:
Exercise causes the body to release hundreds of different signals
that improve our health in many different ways. Now scientists
have mapped these intrinsic signals and how they are released by
different organs in mice following exercise at different times
of the day. Their 'Atlas of Exercise Metabolism' is a major step
toward developing more effective exercise therapies that are timed
to the body clock.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
It is well established that exercise improves health, and recent
research has shown that exercise benefits the body in different ways,
depending on the time of day. However, scientists still do not know why
the timing of exercise produces these different effects. To gain a better understanding, an international team of scientists recently carried out
the most comprehensive study to date of exercise performed at different
times of the day.


========================================================================== Their research shows how the body produces different health-promoting
signaling molecules in an organ-specific manner following exercise
depending on the time of day. These signals have a broad impact on
health, influencing sleep, memory, exercise performance, and metabolic homeostasis. Their findings were recently published in the journal
Cell Metabolism.

"A better understanding of how exercise affects the body at different
times of day might help us to maximize the benefits of exercise for
people at risk of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes," says Professor Juleen R.

Zierath from Karolinska Institutet and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center
for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR) at the University of Copenhagen.

Using exercise to fix a faulty body clock Almost all cells regulate
their biological processes over 24 hours, otherwise called a circadian
rhythm. This means that the sensitivity of different tissues to the
effects of exercise changes depending on the time of day. Earlier
research has confirmed that exercise timing according to our circadian
rhythm can optimize the health-promoting effects of exercise.

The team of international scientists wanted a more detailed understanding
of this effect, so they carried out a range of experiments on mice
that exercised either in the early morning or the late evening. Blood
samples and different tissues, including brain, heart, muscle, liver,
and fat were collected and analyzed by mass spectrometry. This allowed
the scientists to detect hundreds of different metabolites and hormone signaling molecules in each tissue, and to monitor how they were changed
by exercising at different times of the day.



==========================================================================
The result is an 'Atlas of Exercise Metabolism' -- a comprehensive map
of exercise-induced signaling molecules present in different tissues
following exercise at different times of day.

"As this is the first comprehensive study that summarizes time and
exercise dependent metabolism over multiple tissues, it is of great
value to generate and refine systemic models for metabolism and organ crosstalk," adds Dominik Lutter, Head of Computational Discovery Research
from the Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Munich.

New insights include a deeper understanding of how tissues communicate
with each other, and how exercise can help to 'realign' faulty circadian rhythms in specific tissues -- faulty circadian clocks have been linked
to increased risks of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Finally, the study identified new exercise- induced signaling molecules in multiple tissues,
which need further investigation to understand how they can individually
or collectively influence health.

"Not only do we show how different tissues respond to exercise at
different times of the day, but we also propose how these responses are connected to induce an orchestrated adaptation that controls systemic
energy homeostasis," says Associate Professor Jonas Thue Treebak from CBMR
at the University of Copenhagen, and co-first author of the publication.

A resource for future exercise research The study has several
limitations. The experiments were carried out in mice.

While mice share many common genetic, physiological, and behavioral characteristics with humans, they also have important differences. For
example, mice are nocturnal, and the type of exercise was also limited
to treadmill running, which can produce different results compared to high-intensity exercise. Finally, the impact of sex, age and disease
were not considered in the analysis.

"Despite the limitations, it's an important study that helps to direct
further research that can help us better understand how exercise, if
timed correctly, can help to improve health," says Assistant Professor
Shogo Sato from the Department of Biology and the Center for Biological
Clocks Research at Texas A&M University, and fellow co-first author.

Fellow co-first author Kenneth Dyar, Head of Metabolic Physiology from
the Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Munich, stressed the utility
of the atlas as a comprehensive resource for exercise biologists. "While
our resource provides important new perspectives about energy metabolites
and known signaling molecules, this is just the tip of the iceberg. We
show some examples of how our data can be mined to identify new tissue
and time-specific signaling molecules," he says.

The study is the result of a collaboration between the University of Copenhagen, Karolinska Institutet, Texas A&M University, the University
of California-Irvine, and Helmholtz Munich.

special promotion Get a free digital "Metabolism Myths"
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get wrong about diet and exercise. Claim_yours_now_>>> landing.newscientist.com/what-is-new-scientist-sd/ ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Helmholtz_Zentrum_Mu"nchen_-_German_Research_Center_for
Environmental_Health. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Shogo Sato, Kenneth A. Dyar, Jonas T. Treebak, Sara L. Jepsen,
Amy M.

Ehrlich, Stephen P. Ashcroft, Kajetan Trost, Thomas Kunzke,
Verena M.

Prade, Lewin Small, Astrid Linde Basse, Milena Scho"nke, Siwei
Chen, Muntaha Samad, Pierre Baldi, Romain Barre`s, Axel Walch,
Thomas Moritz, Jens J. Holst, Dominik Lutter, Juleen R. Zierath,
Paolo Sassone-Corsi.

Atlas of exercise metabolism reveals time-dependent signatures
of metabolic homeostasis. Cell Metabolism, 2022; DOI: 10.1016/
j.cmet.2021.12.016 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220113111520.htm
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