Joro spiders likely to spread beyond Georgia, US

Date:
March 3, 2022
Source:
University of Georgia
Summary:
The Joro spider first arrived stateside around 2013 and has since
spread across the state and Southeast. But new research suggests
the invasive arachnids could spread through most of the Eastern
Seaboard of the U.S.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
If you live in Georgia, it's hard not to notice the state's latest
resident.


==========================================================================
The bright yellow, blue-black and red spiders' golden webs will be all
over power lines, in trees around town and even on your front porch
come summer.

The Joro spider first arrived stateside around 2013 and has since spread
across the state and Southeast. But new research from the University
of Georgia suggests the invasive arachnids could spread through most of
the Eastern Seaboard of the U.S.

There's really nothing we can do to stop them. But that's not necessarily
bad news.

Joros don't appear to have much of an effect on local food webs or
ecosystems, said Andy Davis, corresponding author of the study and a
research scientist in the Odum School of Ecology. They may even serve
as an additional food source for native predators like birds.

"People should try to learn to live with them," he said. "If they're
literally in your way, I can see taking a web down and moving them to the
side, but they're just going to be back next year." "The way I see it,
there's no point in excess cruelty where it's not needed," added Benjamin Frick, co-author of the study and an undergraduate researcher in the
School of Ecology. "You have people with saltwater guns shooting them out
of the trees and things like that, and that's really just unnecessary."
High metabolism, heart rate and ability to withstand cold may help
joros spread


========================================================================== Published inPhysiological Entomology, the study contrasts the Joro spider
with its relative, the golden silk spider, which first moved to the
Southeast from the tropics around 160 years ago. The golden silk spider
hasn't been able to spread beyond the Southeast due to its vulnerability
to cold.

Before the study, scientists didn't know whether the Joro spider faced
similar geographical limitations.

The researchers used records from iNaturalist to track sightings of
the spiders across Georgia throughout the year. iNaturalist is a joint
venture from the National Geographic Society and California Academy of
Sciences that plots user reports of animals to create location data on
a variety of species. They also performed tests to compare the species'
cold tolerance, including measuring the arachnids' metabolic, heart and survival rates during a brief freeze.

The study found that despite their similarities, the Joro spider has
about double the metabolism of its relative, has a 77% higher heart rate
and can survive a brief freeze that kills off many of its cousins. These findings mean the Joro spider's body functions better than its relative
in a cold environment.

And that means the Joros can likely exist beyond the borders of the
Southeast.



========================================================================== Humans likely to transport Joro beyond current borders It's not just cold-hardiness that makes the Joro likely to spread beyond its current
region.

In their native Japan, Joro spiders colonize most of the country. Japan
has a very similar climate to the U.S. and is approximately the same
latitude.

"Just by looking at that, it looks like the Joros could probably survive throughout most of the Eastern Seaboard here, which is pretty sobering,"
Davis said.

Joros can also use their silks to carry them across the wind to new
locations, a behavior called ballooning. It's part of the reason why
joros were able to spread so rapidly across the state of Georgia. When hatchlings emerged in the spring, they'd ride along to someplace
new. Their offspring did the same the next year.

But humans also factor into the equation.

"The potential for these spiders to be spread through people's movements
is very high," Frick said. "Anecdotally, right before we published this
study, we got a report from a grad student at UGA who had accidentally transported one of these to Oklahoma." The first Joros to arrive in
the U.S. were likely stowaways on shipping containers. Now that they're
here, the chances of Joros hitching a ride to a new locale on a car or
in luggage are high.

But that's still no reason to panic. The spiders are relatively harmless
to people and pets, making their presence more of a nuisance than
dangerous. Joros won't bite unless cornered, and their fangs are often
not large enough to break human skin.

"There's really no reason to go around actively squishing them,"
Frick said.

"Humans are at the root of their invasion. Don't blame the Joro spider." ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Georgia. Original
written by Leigh Beeson.

Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Related Multimedia:
* Joro_spiders ========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Andrew K. Davis, Benjamin L. Frick. Physiological evaluation
of newly
invasive jorō spiders ( Trichonephila clavata ) in the
southeastern USA compared to their naturalized cousin, Trichonephila
clavipes.

Physiological Entomology, 2022; DOI: 10.1111/phen.12385 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220303144143.htm

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